Obtaining a pv film structure by means of a room temperature method and room temperature method for producing a pv film structure

Abstract

The invention provides a suitable method and an appropriate PV film structure. This aim is achieved by a room temperature method in which aqueous dispersions are printed onto a substrate and cured by an accompanying reaction. The accompanying reaction forms gradients and also nanoscale structures at the film boundaries, which produce a PV active film having standard performance and a higher stability. At around 10% efficiency, stability and no initial loss in performance in the climatic chamber test can be obtained and over a 20 year test period, consistently less fluctuation can be achieved. The method is free from tempering or sintering steps, enables the use of technically pure, advantageous starting materials and makes the PV film structure available as a finished, highly flexible cell for a fraction of the typical investment in production or distribution.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD[0001]The present invention may generally be classified in the field of electrotechnical thin layers. The technical field is usefully outlined in DE 10 2015 102 801 in which the present inventors have been involved. Known measures, features and methods may be discerned from this application and the prior art cited therein.DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART[0002]The present invention relates to a PV layer sequence obtained by a room temperature process and to the room temperature process for producing a PV layer sequence according to the preambles of the independent claims.[0003]From a commercial standpoint it is an essential feature that production is effected at room temperature. This reduces the process engineering costs of production markedly and provides a substantial advantage in production. However, this also means layers precisely sintered at elevated temperature or deliberately compacted cannot be present in the PV layer sequence. Yet, the deliberately adjusted nano...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The patent describes a way to make thin layers of electrotechnical PV materials by spreading them out on a surface and hardening them at room temperature. The hardening is speeded up by using a special reagent. This method makes it easy to create a sequence of layers for photovoltaic applications.

Problems solved by technology

However, this also means layers precisely sintered at elevated temperature or deliberately compacted cannot be present in the PV layer sequence.

The disadvantage of uneven layers that are flat only in the micrometer range is that they can use an areal PV junction, established on a nanoscale by doping, for power generation only with considerable losses.

The disadvantage here is that the vacuum reaction chamber necessitates expensive batch processing: in a vacuum reaction chamber it is always only a certain number of substrates that can be charged, then evacuated and optionally dried and finally after coating under reactive gas removed again.

Another disadvantage is that the substrates to be coated must be held at precisely adjusted temperatures during coating so that reactive formation of the same type and thickness of layer is always achieved.

It is precisely the disadvantageous thermal compacting step which results in high costs and disadvantages because at sintering temperatures, which sinter copper pastes into a conductor track, impurities and the smallest contaminants are likewise subject to diffusion.

As a result, for such production methods expensive, high-purity reactants which even in the final sintering step comprise no impurities must be used because the impurities would otherwise finally diffuse into the PV-active layer and weaken or even completely destroy said layer.

However, the disadvantage here too is that all organic fractions must finally be baked out at 650° C. to 900° C. because otherwise neither sufficient conductivity nor the stability of the layer are ensured.

The disadvantage here too is that a final heating to ensure complete polymerization is provided.

The disadvantage here too is the use of a customary, established PV-active layer as the module, i.e. a production process for the current-providing, PV-active layer is effected in established and costly fashion with the previously described disadvantages.

The disadvantage is that triptycene comprises benzene groups; it is derived from dehydrobenzene and anthracene.

Hence, such organic, electrotechnical thin layers often do not exhibit long-term stability, show strong initial deterioration of electrotechnical properties in their corrosion behavior, and contain declarable components such as benzene which outgas from the layer composite as volatile organic components, often abbreviated to VOC, endanger those present and can additionally compromise or even destroy adjacent layers.

The disadvantage is that resins are only roughly adjusted to an average molar mass; they often comprise VOC fractions and often potentially carcinogenic benzenes and derivatives thereof.

Incomplete hardening and the danger of long-term VOC release are known and typical disadvantages of such resin systems.