Nanosecond laser-based high-throughput surface nano-structuring (NHSN) process
a nano-structured, laser-based technology, applied in the direction of laser beam welding apparatus, coatings, manufacturing tools, etc., can solve the problem of extreme low throughput, achieve high throughput, increase processing rate, and improve microhardness
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example 1
[0053]The nanosecond laser-based high-throughput surface nanostructuring (nHSN) process comprises two steps: (1) a high energy nanosecond pulse laser scans the material surface contained under water using a large spatial increment and a fast processing speed; and (2) the laser textured surface is further chemically treated. See FIG. 5.
[0054]The first step of the process is referred to herein as water-confined nanosecond laser texturing (wNLT). The experimental setup for the wNLT uses a Q-Switched Nd:YAG nanosecond laser (Spectra-Physics Quanta-Ray Lab-150, wavelength 1064 nm) with a high energy per pulse on the order of several hundreds of mJ / pulse. During the wNLT process, the laser repetition rate is 10 pulses per second with a laser pulse duration of 6 to 8 ns. A galvanometer laser scanner (SCANLAB intelliSCAN® 20) furnished with an f-theta objective with a focal length of 255 mm directs the laser to texture the top surface of the specimen. A dynamic focusing unit (SCANLAB varioS...
example 2
[0071]The wettability of the specimen surface produced by the methods / processes described herein was experimentally evaluated through water wetting tests. The definition of surface wettability can be described as follows: a surface is said to be wetted if one type of liquid spreads over the surface evenly without the formation of droplets. When the liquid is water, it spreads over the hydrophilic surface without the formation of droplets; while water droplets will form on hydrophobic surfaces. Hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity are relative terms. A simple quantitative method for defining the relative degree of interaction of water with a solid surface is the water contact angle (WCA) of a water droplet on a solid substrate. WCA is defined as the angle, conventionally measured through the water droplet, where a water-vapor interface meets a solid surface and can be used to quantify the wettability of a solid surface.
[0072]The surface wettability to water can be categorized into four ...
example 3
[0076]Water contact angle measurement results for AISI 4130 steel specimens produced by the methods / processes described herein using various laser power intensities ranging from 0.1 to 18.2 GW / cm2. The uncertainty was typically around ±2° for each test. The measurement for 0 GW / cm2 was performed on the specimens produced by the CIT treatment alone, and their results show a WCA of 96.9°. The specimens treated by low laser power intensities from 0.1 to 0.15 GW / cm2 during the wNLT step showed improved hydrophobicity with increased WCAs up to 139.4°. These tests also indicate that a higher laser power intensity during the wNLT step help increase the WCA by the nHSN process. The specimens treated by laser power intensities from 0.2 to 18.2 GW / cm2 during the nHSN process all achieve superhydrophobicity with WCA greater than 150°. Varying laser power intensity does not significantly alter the WCA for these superhydrophobic AISI 4130 steel specimens. These results indicate a wide laser oper...
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