Method and apparatus for producing synergistic biocide

Abstract

An apparatus and methods to produce synergistic mixtures (or combinations) of haloamines to control growth of microorganisms in aqueous systems are disclosed. The apparatus and methods to produce synergistic mixtures entails producing a batch quantity of a haloamine and converting part of the haloamine to a second haloamine species to form the synergistic mixture.

Description

[0001]This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 711,462 filed Aug. 26, 2005, the entire contents is incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD[0002]The present invention relates to an apparatus and methods to produce mixtures (or combinations) of haloamines to control growth of microorganisms in aqueous systems, more particularly in industrial process waters, and most particularly in pulp and paper process systems.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]Uncontrolled growth of microorganisms in industrial production systems can have serious consequences such as lowered product quality, degradation or spoilage of products, contamination of products, and interference with a wide range of important industrial processes. Growth of microorganisms on surfaces exposed to water (e.g., recirculation systems, heat exchangers, once-through heating and cooling systems, pulp and paper process systems, etc.) can be especially problematic, as many of these systems pr...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Uncontrolled growth of microorganisms in industrial production systems can have serious consequences such as lowered product quality, degradation or spoilage of products, contamination of products, and interference with a wide range of important industrial processes.

Growth of microorganisms on surfaces exposed to water (e.g., recirculation systems, heat exchangers, once-through heating and cooling systems, pulp and paper process systems, etc.) can be especially problematic, as many of these systems provide an environment suitable for growth of bacteria and other types of microorganisms.

Uncontrolled growth of microorganisms is often manifested in the water column with large numbers of free-floating (planktonic) cells as well as on submerged surfaces where conditions favor formation of biofilms.

Biofilm formation is a serious problem in aqueous industrial systems.

Many types of processes, systems, and products can be adversely affected by uncontrolled growth of microorganisms in biofilms and in industrial process waters.

Such problems include accelerated corrosion of metals, accelerated decomposition of wood and other biodegradable materials, restricted flow through pipes, plugging or fouling of valves and flow-meters, and reduced heat exchange or cooling efficiency on heat exchange surfaces.

Biofilms may also be problematic relative to cleanliness and sanitation in medical equipment, breweries, wineries, dairies and other industrial food and beverage process water systems.

Moreover, sulfate-reducing bacteria are often problematic in waters used for the secondary recovery of petroleum or for oil drilling in general.

Although sulfate-reducing bacteria can form biofilms on equipment and in pipelines, the significant problem caused by these bacteria is that they generate metabolic by-products that have highly offensive odors, are toxic, and can cause corrosion of metal surfaces by accelerating galvanic action.

For example, these microorganisms reduce sulfates present in the injection water to generate hydrogen sulfide, a highly toxic gas that has a highly offensive odor (i.e., rotten egg odor), is corrosive, and reacts with metal surfaces to form insoluble iron sulfide corrosion products.

Paper production is particularly susceptible to adverse effects of biofilms.

Slime deposits can become dislodged from system surfaces and become incorporated into the paper, which results in holes and defects or breaks and tears in the sheet.

Such problems result in a lower quality product or unacceptable product being rejected.

This necessitates stopping paper production to clean the equipment, which results in the loss of production time.

The highly reactive nature of chlorine may also be a liability, as some of the oxidizer will be used (e.g., consumed) during reactions with non-biological material.

Reactions with non-biological components of process water not only add to treatment cost, but undesired by-products can be generated and other additives in the process stream can be adversely affected.

Process streams such as in paper mills are especially problematic for highly reactive oxidizers because of the high concentrations of dissolved and particulate inorganic and organic materials.

Although effective as biocides, strong oxidizers such as sodium hypochlorite can cause many problems in an industrial process stream such as increased corrosion rates, increased consumption of wet end additives, and, among others, decreased life of felts used on paper machines.

Dichloramine is reported to be a superior disinfectant but has negative properties such has high volatility and odor.

Although widely practiced for treating municipal water distribution systems, chloramines are not commonly used in industrial systems.

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