Particles containing organic catalytic materials and uses

a technology of organic catalytic materials and particles, applied in biochemistry apparatus and processes, inorganic carriers, enzymes, etc., to achieve the effects of simple filtration, easy isolation of reaction products from organic catalytic materials, and easy recovery and reus

Active Publication Date: 2015-08-18
EASTMAN KODAK CO
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0027]The present invention provides a number of advantages. The organic catalytic materials used in the present invention can be very expensive and difficult to isolate for recovery and reuse. The relatively large semi-permeable particles in which they are incorporated for this invention allow for their recovery by simple filtration or centrifugation. Little or no organic catalyst material is lost from the semi-permeable particles when the particles are recovered and this provides considerable economic advantages. For example, at least 80% of the organic catalytic material is retained in the semi-permeable particles during storage and on repeated reuse as a catalyst in chemical reactions.
[0028]The semi-permeable particles have multiple discreet cavities that allow diffusion of the intended small molecule reactants so that they interact with the organic catalytic material present in at least some of the multiple discrete cavities. This provides desired rapid reaction rates while allowing convenient isolation of the organic catalytic material after use.
[0029]Similarly, isolation of the reaction product from the organic catalytic materials is facilitated so that contamination is minimized. In principle, any organic catalytic material can be used in the present invention if it can be solubilized or dispersed in water. Enzymes are specifically contemplated as the organic catalytic materials because they are used in a wide variety of chemical processes in aqueous media, and are usually water-soluble or water-dispersible. Furthermore, as high molar molecules, enzymes will not escape through the walls of the semi-permeable polymeric particles, and can therefore be conveniently isolated and reused in subsequent processes. Thus, the catalytic activity is preserved using the present invention for several reaction cycles in which the organic catalytic materials are retained or encapsulated within at least some of the multiple discrete cavities for a prolonged period after the first use.
[0030]The uniform size of the semi-permeable particles of this invention leads to consistent reaction rates and recovery processes. In addition, the semi-permeable particles need not be isolated or dried before they are used. Rather, they are advantageously used in an aqueous slurry.

Problems solved by technology

Some methods of manufacture produce large particles without any ability to control of the pore size while other manufacturing methods control the pore size without controlling the overall particle size.
However, these microcapsules are tubular and do not contain multiple discrete cavities.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

invention example 1

Preparation of Slurry of Semi-Permeable Particles Using Polycaprolactone and Glucose Oxidase

[0140]In this example the weight ratio of the water-insoluble semi-permeable polymer to the aqueous solution of the organic catalytic material is 0.26. A first water phase (W1) was prepared using 40.3 g of a 3 weight % solution of a carboxy methyl cellulose, sodium salt solution (250,000) in water along with 21.4 g of a 0.015 weight % glucose oxidase solution in 50 mmolar (pH 6.0) phosphate buffer. The oil phase (O) was prepared using 36.5 g of a 35.5 weight % solution of poly(caprolactone) in ethyl acetate, 12.1 g of a 23.5 weight % solution of poly(ethylene oxide-co-b-caprolactone) in ethyl acetate and 153.0 g of ethyl acetate. To this oil phase was added the W1 phase followed by mixing using a Silverson L4R Mixer fitted with a small holed disintegrating head. The resulting water-in-oil (W1 / O) emulsion was further homogenized by using a Microfluidizer model 110T from Microfluidics at a pres...

invention example 2

Preparation of Slurry of Semi-Permeable Particles Using Polycaprolactone and Glucose Oxidase

[0142]In this example the weight ratio of the water-insoluble semi-permeable polymer to the aqueous solution of the organic catalytic material is 0.51. The procedure of Invention Example 1 was followed except that 21.4 g of a 0.015 weight % glucose oxidase solution in 50 mmolar (pH 6.0) phosphate buffer was used in W1 aqueous phase. The oil phase was made using 81.1 g of a 35.5 weight % solution of polycaprolactone in ethyl acetate, 12.1 g of a 23.5 weight % solution of poly(ethylene oxide-co-b-caprolactone) in ethyl acetate, and 108.4 g of ethyl acetate. The amount of enzyme encapsulated in the resulting 3-8 micron semi-permeable particles was found to be 95 μg / g (dry basis), as determined by assay of the W2 aqueous phase (typical procedure described below in Invention example 27).

invention example 3

Preparation of Slurry of Semi-Permeable Particles Using Polycaprolactone and Glucose Oxidase

[0143]In this example the weight ratio of the water-insoluble semi-permeable polymer to the aqueous solution of the organic catalytic material is 0.64. The procedure of Invention Example 1 was followed except that 21.4 g of a 0.019 weight % glucose oxidase solution in 50 mmolar (pH 6.0) phosphate buffer was used in W1 aqueous phase. The oil phase was made using 103.4 g of a 35.5 weight % solution of poly(caprolactone) in ethyl acetate, 12.1 g of a 23.5 weight % solution of poly(ethylene oxide-co-b-caprolactone) in ethyl acetate, and 86.1 g of ethyl acetate. The amount of enzyme encapsulated in the resulting 3-8 μm semi-permeable particles was found to be 96 μg / g (dry basis), as determined by assay of the W2 aqueous phase (typical procedure described below in Invention Example 27).

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Abstract

Semi-permeable particle can be used to facilitate chemical reactions such as catalytic reactions. The semi-permeable particles are permeable to molecules having a molar mass of 1000 Daltons or less and have a mode particle size of at least 1 μm. The semi-permeable particles have multiple discrete cavities containing an aqueous solution or suspension of an organic catalytic material. The semi-permeable particles are also impermeable to the organic catalytic materials so they are retained within the multiple discrete cavities, and the semi-permeable particles can be reused multiple times for the same or different chemical reaction.

Description

COPENDING APPLICATIONS[0001]Reference is made to copending and commonly assigned U.S. Ser. No. 13 / 686,941 (filed on Nov. 28,2012 by Robello, Nair, Mis, and Dirmyer).[0002]Reference is made to copending and commonly assigned U.S. Ser. No. 13 / 686,942 (filed on Nov. 28,2012 by Nair and Jones).[0003]Reference is made to copending and commonly assigned U.S. Ser. No. 13 / 686,943 (filed on Nov. 28,2012 by Nair, Jones, and Mis).FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0004]The present invention relates to micro-sized semi-permeable particles containing organic catalytic materials such as enzymes. It also relates to various uses of these semi-permeable particles and methods for making them.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0005]Porous polymeric particles have been prepared and used for many different purposes. For example, porous particles have been described for use in chromatographic columns, ion exchange and adsorption resins, cosmetic formulations, papers, and paints. The methods for generating pores in polymeri...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Patents(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C12N11/04C12N11/08C12N11/14
CPCC12N11/04C12N11/08C12N11/14C12N11/082C12N11/087C12N11/096
Inventor MIS, MARK R.NAIR, MRIDULAROBELLO, DOUGLAS R.
Owner EASTMAN KODAK CO
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