The invention discloses a 3D amorphous alloy network reinforced boron-steel-based composite material with inlaid in-situ carbide particles, and a preparation method of the material. The preparation method mainly comprises the preparation process that strong carbide elementary metal powder and carbon black or graphite powder are mixed, are subjected to high-energy ball milling and then are subjected to low-temperature calcination to obtain an intermediate phase alloyed powder with the high reaction activity; high-energy ball milling is used to enable each intermediate phase alloy particle to becladded with a nickel layer on the surface; then iron powder, boron powder, molybdenum powder and nickel powder are added, high-energy ball milling is carried out to make partial iron powder have thenanometer size, and a compact blocky blank is obtained by utilizing high pressure; and the blank is placed into a vacuum dual-chamber thermal treatment furnace for vacuum sintering and is subjected to quick air cooling after sintering is completed, and the final needed composite material is obtained. The 3D amorphous alloy network reinforced boron-steel-based composite material with the inlaid in-situ carbide particles shows ultra-high elastic modulus, strength and hardness, and good plasticity and toughness, is simple in technology and easy for large-scale production to be carried out, and can be suitable for developing products such as gears, bearings, connecting rods, liner plates, rollers, tools and dies, and the products can be long in service life on the working conditions with hightemperature, high stress, hard abrasive wear and the like.