Method for integrally catalyzing, reforming, reducing viscosity, extracting and transporting thick oil

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for integrally catalyzing, reforming, reducing the viscosity, extracting and conveying thick oil in thick oil deposit extraction, which can reduce the mixing amount of thin oil and lead the separated thick oil to be transported outside after catalyzing, quality improving and viscosity reducing. The method comprises the following steps: mixing thin oil with thick oil in a pitshaft according to the mass ratio of 0.4-1.0 of the thin oil to the thick oil so as to reduce the viscosity of the thick oil; extracting the thick oil mixed with the thin oil from the pitshaft, warming up by a heat exchanger, heating by a heating furnace to 350 DGE C, leading the oil to enter a distilling tower, collecting distillate oil with the temperature being lower than 350 DGE C,cooling the oil by the heat exchanger and filling the thick oil mixed with thin oil into the pitshaft for cycling; conveying heavy distillate oil with the temperature being up to 350 DGE C to the heating furnace by a pump for warming up, adding a reforming catalyst by a pump, and conveying the mixture to a reaction tower; catalyzing and reforming the heavy distillate oil into thick oil with low viscosity under the action of the reforming catalyst, and directly transporting the reformed thick oil outside after heat exchange. The thin oil mixed by the method can be cycled, and separating the thick oil from the thin oil does not damage the characteristics of oil. The method which has wide application range and favorable viscosity reduction effect and enables the quality of thick oil to be improved is used for thick oil extraction.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to an integrated method for heavy oil catalytic modification, viscosity reduction, production and transportation in the exploitation of heavy oil reservoirs in oilfields, which belongs to the new technology of heavy oil exploitation. Background technique [0002] Heavy oil refers to degassed crude oil with a viscosity greater than 100mPa·s at the reservoir temperature, but usually above 1000mPa·s. Its outstanding features are high content of asphaltene and colloid, and high viscosity. The root of the high viscosity of heavy oil is the macromolecule micellar structure formed by asphalt colloids in the system. In heavy oil, there are strong hydrogen bonds between colloid molecules, asphaltene molecules and between them. Asphaltene aromatic heterocondensed ring planes overlap and stack together, and are fixed by hydrogen bonds between polar groups, stack up to form particles, and then aggregate into asphaltene micelles of different...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Among them, the thinning and viscosity-reducing method can not only reduce the viscosity of heavy oil, but also reduce the density of heavy oil, increase the relative density difference between oil and water, and is more conducive to dehydration, but the mass ratio of thin oil to heavy oil is as high as 1.0-1.5:1. Such a large amount of thin oil consumption leads to problems in the supply of thin oil. Finally, the heavy oil mixed with thin oil not only reduces the quality of thin oil but also reduces the quality of heavy oil; heating viscosity reduction methods include steam huff and puff, steam flooding, burning oil layers and Electric heating, etc., due to heat conduction loss and high energy consumption, are not suitable for deep heavy oil exploitation and long-distance heavy oil gathering and transportation; emulsification viscosity reduction method mixed with oil-soluble or water-soluble viscosity reducer, etc., to form low-viscosity oil-in-water ( O / W) type emulsion, the demulsification process will be involved in the future work

Viscosity modification method is a shallow crude oil processing method, which decomposes large molecular hydrocarbons into small molecular hydrocarbons to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil by removing carbon or hydrogenation. This method has high requirements for hardware and high investment costs.

The microbial viscosity reduction method uses paraffin, colloid, and asphaltene in specific heavy oil as the medium, and the result is to consume itself and generate low-carbon chain components, and the technology is immature

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