Crossed scraping-impacting composite drill bit

A compound, drill bit technology, applied in drill bits, drilling equipment, earth-moving drilling, etc., can solve the problems of drill bit ROP limitation, small penetration depth of cutting teeth, and difficulty for PDC teeth to penetrate into rocks, etc. Rock efficiency, avoid rapid wear, avoid adverse effects

Active Publication Date: 2012-09-19
SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIV
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] The tri-cone bit mainly breaks rocks in the form of crushing (the teeth are pressed into the rock to cause the rock to break), which is applicable to a wide range of formations, but the energy utilization rate is not high, and the rock breaking efficiency is relatively low.
Especially when drilling in deep formations, under the action of high-density drilling fluid, the cuttings holding effect at the bottom of the well is very obvious. It is difficult for the teeth to press into the formation and form effective fragmentation, and the mechanical penetration rate of the drill bit is greatly limited.
Low bearing life is one of the main factors restricting the service life of tricone bits
The tri-cone bit requires a large drilling pressure to ensure a high rock-breaking efficiency, so the load amplitude of the bearing is high. At the same time, the working principle of the teeth on the cone alternately breaking the rock will inevitably lead to axial or longitudinal vibration of the bit, and a relatively large amplitude. bearing load fluctuations
The main disadvantages of the PDC bit are: first, when the strength or hardness of the rock is high, it is difficult for the PDC teeth to eat into the rock to form effective scraping, especially when the PDC teeth are worn out, it is even more difficult for the teeth to enter the formation. The drilling speed of the drill bit will decrease sharply
Third, the wear rate of the PDC teeth on different radial areas of the PDC bit is significantly different. Generally, the wear rate of the cutting teeth in the outer area of ​​the drill bit (especially the outer 1 / 3 area of ​​​​the drill bit radius) is significantly faster than that of the teeth in the center area. Poor tooth wear balance, which reduces the overall performance of the drill bit
In the drilling of hard formations, the drilling efficiency of the drill bit is not high due to the small penetration depth of the cutting teeth

Method used

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  • Crossed scraping-impacting composite drill bit

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0061] Such as Figure 1 to Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 12 with Figure 18 As shown, a cross scraping-impact composite drill bit includes a drill body 1, on which a fixed cutting structure 2, a disk cutter cutting structure 4, an impact cutting structure 3 and a flow channel 71 and a nozzle 72 are formed. Hydraulic structure, fixed cutting structure 2 includes fixed cutting teeth 21, disc cutter cutting structure 4 includes disc cutter cutting teeth 41, impact cutting structure 3 includes force transmission mechanism 32 for transmitting impact force and impact cutting teeth 31, force transmission mechanism 32 Comprising a punch 321, a dowel 322 and an anvil 323, the impact cutter 31 is fixed on the punch 321 at the end of the force transmission mechanism 32, and the punch 321 can slide relative to the drill body 1 in the direction of impact force transmission. The composite drill does not contain the impact mechanism, but has 2 fixed blades, 1 set of impact cutting unit,...

Embodiment 2

[0063] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, the difference being that an anvil body centralizing sleeve 324 ( Figure 5 shown), or directly process a surface on the anvil body 323 that forms a clearance fit with the inner hole of the drill body 1, so as to realize relative sliding and righting positioning between the anvil body and the drill body (such as Image 6 shown).

Embodiment 3

[0065] This embodiment is basically the same as the above-mentioned embodiment, the difference is that there are two dowel bars in one or each impact cutting unit, and the motion rules of the two dowel bars are different, and there is relative motion between each other, wherein One dowel (one) 3221 is fixedly connected with the punch 321, the other dowel (two) 3222 is hinged with the anvil 323, and the two dowels are connected by a hinge (such as Figure 13 shown). When the punch 321 is far away from the center of the drill bit and the included angle between the impact direction and the axis of the drill bit is relatively large, it is easier to realize the conversion of the impact direction and the transmission of the impact force by using two dowel bars hinged to each other.

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Abstract

The invention discloses a crossed scraping-impacting composite drill bit belonging to the field of rock blasting tools for drilling equipment for oil and gas, mine engineering and building foundation engineering construction, geology, hydrology and the like. The crossed scraping-impacting composite drill bit comprises a drill bit body, a fixed cutting structure, a disc cutter cutting structure and a hydraulic structure, wherein the fixed cutting structure, the disc cutter cutting structure and the hydraulic structure are arranged on the drill bit body; the drill bit body is also provided with an impact cutting structure; and the impact cutting structure comprises a force transferring mechanism for transferring impact forces and impact cutting teeth, wherein the impact cutting teeth are solidified on a punch arranged at the tail end of the force transferring mechanism, and the punch can slide or slidingly impact relative to the drill bit body in the impact force transferring direction. Compared with a drill bit for blasting a rock in a cutting way, the crossed scraping-impacting composite drill bit is not only beneficial to the drilling of the cutting teeth of the drill bit to stratums and the increment of the rock blasting efficiency, but also beneficial to the retardance of the wear rate of the cutting teeth and particularly has remarkable technical advantages for higher-strength and stronger-abrasiveness stratums which are difficult to drill.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of rock-breaking tools used for drilling equipment such as petroleum and natural gas, mining engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geology, and hydrology. Background technique [0002] The drill bit is a rock-breaking tool used in drilling engineering to break rock and form a wellbore. Conventional drill bits used in drilling engineering today mainly include three-cone drill bits, polycrystalline diamond compact drill bits (ie, PDC drill bits) and punching drill bits (also known as rotary punching bits or drill bits). [0003] The tri-cone bit mainly breaks rock in the form of crushing (the teeth press into the rock to break the rock). It is applicable to a wide range of formations, but the energy utilization rate is not high, and the rock breaking efficiency is relatively low. Especially when drilling in deep formations, under the action of high-density drilling fluid, the cuttings holding effec...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): E21B10/12E21B10/36E21B10/43E21B10/46
Inventor 杨迎新林敏陈炼石擎天张春亮
Owner SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIV
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