Method and device for testing hyperfine structure energy level of hydrogen atom

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for testing the hyperfine structure energy level of a hydrogen atom and a device for displaying the hyperfine structure energy level of the hydrogen atom. The device is suitable for the experiment research and teaching of a quantum physics specialty and used for testing and displaying the hyperfine structure energy level of the hydrogen atom. Pure hydrogen is ionized and then dissociated into the hydrogen atoms according to a quantum mechanics principle; each generated ground-state hydrogen atom is in four hyperfine structure energy states, namely |F=1, mF=+1)|F=1, mF=0)(high energy state) and |F=1, mF=-1)|F=0, mF=0)(low energy state), wherein F is the angular quantum number of the ground-state hydrogen atoms, and mF is a magnetic quantum number. The device is manufactured on the basis of a principle that the hydrogen atoms in the high energy states are focused towards a center and the hydrogen atoms in the lower energy states are deflected towards an edge after the ground-state hydrogen atoms pass through a magnetic field with a certain gradient and comprises a hydrogen source system, an ionization system, a tiny drainage hole collimator, a deflection magnet, an imaging target, a vacuum system, a distance adjusting device, a support frame, data acquisition and analysis software, and the like.

Description

technical field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of quantum physics and is suitable for quantum physics experiments and teaching. It can also be used as an atomic frequency standard to develop a test device for related components of a mid-beam optical system. Background technique

[0002] In modern physics, in order to describe the movement of electrons outside the nucleus, Danish physicist Bohr (Niels Henrik David Bohr, 1885~1962) pointed out in 1931 that the radius and energy of electron movement outside the nucleus are quantized, and proposed the main The concept of quantum number n. Schrodinger (Erwin Schrodinger, 1887-1961), from the end of 1925 to the beginning of 1926, from the analogy between classical mechanics and geometric optics, proposed the wave dynamics equation corresponding to wave optics, namely: Schrodinger wave equation (Schrodinger wave equation). In the process of solving the Schrödinger equation, three quantum numbers are necessary to comple...

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