Laser near-net shaping method for metal-ceramic multi-dimensional functionally-graded structural component

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser near-net shaping method for a metal-ceramic multi-dimensional functionally-graded structural component. According to the laser near-net shaping method for the metal-ceramic multi-dimensional functionally-graded structural component, a laser fast shaping system is used for combining metal powder and ceramic powder, which are used as raw materials and have changeable proportioning rates, to form the multi-dimensional functionally-graded structural component directly. The laser near-net shaping method specifically includes the following steps: firstly, two types or more than two types of metal powder and ceramic powder are dried and respectively placed in different powder barrels of a powder feeding device; secondly, inert gas is used as powder feeding and protecting gas; and lastly, a numerical control program is used for controlling the moving trajectory and the moving speed of a laser machining head and the real-time powder feeding amount of each powder barrel of the powder feeding device, the change of gradients can be realized in a horizontal plane and a vertical plane of a base plate, and therefore the complex multi-dimensional gradient change in the overall space can be realized. On one hand, the laser near-net shaping method for the metal-ceramic multi-dimensional functionally-graded structural component is a direct shaping method, and on the other hand, the laser near-net shaping method is suitable for melting solidification shaping of various high-melting-point materials, and the selection range of the design of functionally-graded materials is expanded.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a laser near-net shaping method for a metal-ceramic multi-dimensional functionally graded structural part. Background technique [0002] With the rapid development of space technology and energy technology, some special extreme working conditions require that different working parts of the structural parts have different performances, such as the space shuttle engine combustion chamber wall, one side of which is exposed to thousands of degrees of high-temperature gas, requiring The material has excellent heat resistance, while the other side is subjected to cryogenic liquid hydrogen cooling, which requires the material to have good thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. Homogeneous materials such as traditional heat-resistant metals, ceramics or cermets are difficult to withstand such extreme working conditions. If coating technology is used, thermal stress is easily generated due to the mismatch of thermal expansion c...

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Problems solved by technology

[0011] In order to solve the problems in the traditional preparation methods of metal-ceramic multi-dimensional functional gradient structural parts, such as the single dimension of functional gradient change and the inability to directly form complex structural parts, the present invention provides a metal-ceramic multi-dimensional f...

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