45 results about "Functionally graded material" patented technology

The invention provides a corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant composite quartz crucible and a preparation method thereof. The quartz crucible sequentially comprises the following laminated layers in parts by weight from inside to outside: 50-100 parts of an inner layer, 200-400 parts of a transition layer, 150-250 parts of a reinforcing layer and 40-80 parts of an outer layer, the preparation method comprises the following steps: forming layer by layer: sequentially adding inner-layer slurry, transition-layer powder, a reinforcement-layer prefabricated member and outer-layer slurry into a mold for forming; gradient drying is conducted, specifically, the formed crucible blank is put into a drying box to be subjected to gradient drying; and step-by-step sintering: putting the dried crucible blank into a high-temperature sintering furnace, carrying out step-by-step sintering, and cooling and demolding to obtain a crucible product. A composite protection system is designed and constructed through four layers of functionally graded materials, the prepared composite quartz crucible has excellent high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and structural stability and can be applied to large-size semiconductor single crystal furnaces, and the engineering advantage of the preparation process is remarkable.

The invention provides a functionally graded material modeling and path planning method based on additive manufacturing, and relates to the technical field of functionally graded material additive manufacturing. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, slicing a three-dimensional space model of a part to obtain geometric contour information of a model slice layer; taking the geometric contour of the layered model slice as a constraint, and carrying out triangulation processing on the two-dimensional polygon slice layer to obtain a two-dimensional triangular mesh model; correlating the material information of the customized workpiece with the geometric information by using a curved surface grid thermal diffusion model algorithm, namely, designing a single or multiple heat source points or heat source lines, and performing gradient diffusion in a grid to generate a scalar field containing material gradient distribution information; extracting a contour line of a specific scalar value to perform region division on the slice model to form a plurality of gradient feature sub-regions; and finally, according to the contour features of different sub-regions, a corresponding path planning strategy is adopted to optimize the path, an optimal path is generated, and accurate forming of the functionally graded material is achieved.

The invention provides a process parameter optimization method and system for a functionally graded material and a medium, which can be applied to the technical field of process parameter optimization. According to the method, after corresponding technological parameters and forming response data under different component gradients are obtained through an orthogonal test, a quadratic term polynomial regression model used for representing the mapping relation between the technological parameters and the forming response data in the different component gradients is constructed according to the technological parameters and the forming response data. A quadratic term polynomial regression model is used as a virtual simulation environment, meanwhile, after a multi-dimensional continuous strengthening model is constructed based on a double-delay depth deterministic strategy gradient algorithm, based on the multi-dimensional continuous strengthening model, through dynamic interaction of an intelligent agent and the virtual simulation environment, an optimal process parameter combination is searched in different component gradients; and thus, cross-component gradient process parameter optimization is realized. And finally, verifying the optimal process parameter combination through a physical experiment, and determining the accuracy of model prediction.

The invention discloses an ultra-high-speed motor bearing anti-deformation crown-shaped retainer and a manufacturing method, and belongs to the technical field of motor bearings. The super-high-speed motor bearing anti-deformation crown-shaped retainer is formed by printing functionally graded materials, the functionally graded materials comprise a hard-phase material and a soft-phase material, the hard-phase material is glass fibers, and the soft-phase material is nylon 66; the equivalent elastic modulus of the functionally graded material is continuously and gradually changed in the axial direction from the bottom of the pocket to the tail end of the lock claw, so that the elastic modulus of the bottom area of the pocket is higher than that of the tail end area of the lock claw, and elliptical deformation of the pocket and centrifugal deformation of the lock claw are cooperatively restrained. And active reconstruction of a rigidity field of the crown-shaped retainer is achieved, specifically, a tough phase is constructed in a locking claw area to absorb collision energy, a strengthening phase is formed in a pocket area to weaken stress concentration, a rigidity gradient is established at a connecting part to restrain the umbrella-shaped effect, and the crown-shaped retainer with the high toughness-gradient-high strength characteristics and the design method of the crown-shaped retainer are provided.

According to the functionally graded material based on the coal-based solid waste and the high roof contact rate filling method, the high solid waste mixing amount is adopted for a bearing layer material, a transition layer material and an expansion layer material in the functionally graded material, and bearing layer slurry prepared from the bearing layer material can make the bottom compressive strength larger than 8 MPa; a controllable directional expanding agent is also adopted in the transition layer material and the expansion layer material, and the controllable directional expanding agent can be triggered based on a pressure difference and temperature dual triggering mechanism, so that transition layer slurry and expansion layer slurry which are correspondingly prepared from the transition layer material and the expansion layer material can be stably conveyed in the grouting pipe; and after the controllable directional expanding agent enters the cavity, fracture is accurately triggered, the foaming agent is decomposed, the expansion rate of the expanding layer slurry is larger than 120%, and the problem of contradiction between the bottom compressive strength and the top fluidity is solved. In the filling process, the pulse negative pressure technology is adopted, so that the roof contact rate is 95% or above, and the method can adapt to a complex cavity topological structure.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a functionally graded material without prefabricated powder addition, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, pretreatment: cutting and milling a test block workpiece, processing the test block workpiece into a fixed size and shape, and then cleaning the processed workpiece by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine; step 2, preparing a sample, and polishing the test block by using a metallographic polishing machine until the test block is polished; 3, electron beam treatment, wherein electron beams are adopted for conducting multiple times of irradiation treatment on the sample. And 4, tissue and performance testing is conducted, specifically, the microstructure is observed through a scanning electron microscope, and the mechanical performance of the functionally graded material is detected through a Vickers hardness tester. The method disclosed by the invention can be used for quickly synthesizing the functionally graded material without prefabricated addition, and has an extremely good application scene.

A functionally-graded regolith-based energetic fuel and methods for powering heating systems to help humans and equipment operate in harsh lunar conditions are disclosed. A muti-functionally graded material includes energetic particles comprising a metallic fuel and a regolith-based oxidizer. The energetic particles and the regolith-based oxidizer are mixed to form an energetic material. A regolith-based combustible material is disclosed comprising: micro-magnesium in 20%, 30% or 40% w / w; and a regolith-based oxidizer, wherein the material is ball milled for up to 5 hours.

The invention discloses a buoy type platform based on an intelligent material and a structure self-recovery method thereof, the platform adopts an isosceles triangle-shaped buoy type structure, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting platform structure real-time response data; s2, constructing a response driving type attitude offset function; s3, acquiring an excitation temperature rise condition required by the shape memory alloy execution unit to execute recovery change; s4, calculating offset recovery stress of the platform structure; and S5, recovering the platform structure, and detecting the recovered platform structure in real time. According to the method, the shape memory alloy execution unit and the functionally graded material are arranged, the response quantity corresponding to the float-type platform is used as input data, the closed-loop control method from float-type platform structure deviation risk identification to self-recovery is constructed, deviation data can be obtained in real time, deviation structure self-recovery is carried out, regular manual inspection is not needed, and the operation efficiency is improved. And the offset trend of the platform structure can be monitored in real time, and the problem of lack of an automatic monitoring and dynamic adjustment mechanism is effectively solved.

The application relates to a preparation method of a titanium alloy gradient functional material and belongs to the field of advanced processing and preparation of titanium alloy materials. The method can be used for preparing titanium alloy materials with different components and different organizational types. The specific implementation process is as follows: firstly, a mechanical polishing method is used to polish the combination surface of titanium alloys with different components or different organizational types; then the titanium alloys are placed in a hot pressing furnace for heat preservation and pressure preservation to realize metallurgical combination between the titanium alloys; a furnace cooling method is used for cooling; and finally, the titanium alloy gradient functional material is obtained. The titanium alloy gradient functional material prepared by the method has no defects at the gradient interface, the transition zone organization is well combined, and the mechanical properties are excellent. The composition and organization of different regions of the titanium alloy material can be controlled and designed, technical support and theoretical guidance are provided for the preparation and application of the titanium alloy gradient functional material.

This invention relates to the technical field of photopolymer additive manufacturing, and specifically to a control system and method for continuous photopolymerization of multi-material composites. The system includes a control unit, a projection unit, and a composite molding execution unit. Since the composite molding execution unit is positioned above the projection unit, the Z-axis lifting module is perpendicular to the projection unit, and the X-axis translation module is connected to the Z-axis lifting module. This achieves physical isolation between the dual independent optomechanics and the material tank, continuous molding of functionally graded materials through dynamic parameters and multi-mode scheduling, and cross-tank collaborative control and interface strengthening treatment. The control method for continuous photopolymerization of multi-material composites of this invention, by achieving continuous printing of two materials through time-driven cross-tank collaborative control, improves the interfacial bonding strength of heterogeneous materials and increases printing speed, thereby solving the problems of poor multi-material compatibility, low switching efficiency, and low interfacial bonding strength.

The application discloses an anti-deformation crown-shaped cage of a super-speed motor bearing and a manufacturing method, and belongs to the technical field of motor bearings. The anti-deformation crown-shaped cage of the super-speed motor bearing is printed by a functionally graded material, the functionally graded material comprises hard-phase material and soft-phase material, the hard-phase material is glass fiber, and the soft-phase material is nylon 66; the equivalent elastic modulus of the functionally graded material continuously and gradually changes along the axial direction from the bottom of the pocket hole to the end of the locking claw, so that the elastic modulus of the bottom area of the pocket hole is higher than that of the end area of the locking claw, and the ovalization deformation of the pocket hole and the centrifugal deformation of the locking claw are cooperatively inhibited; the functionally graded material is introduced to actively reconstruct the stiffness field of the crown-shaped cage; the toughness phase is constructed in the locking claw area to absorb collision energy, the reinforced phase is formed in the pocket hole area to weaken stress concentration, and the stiffness gradient is established at the connecting position to inhibit the umbrella effect; and the application provides the crown-shaped cage with the characteristics of high toughness, gradient and high strength and a design method thereof.

This invention discloses a real-time intelligent control system and method for dual-wire arc additive manufacturing, relating to the field of additive manufacturing technology. The system includes steps 1: preliminary preparation and parameter preset; 2: system debugging and printing initialization; 3: current layer printing and synchronous data acquisition; 4: real-time component decoupling and deviation calculation; and 5: intelligent calculation and next-layer parameter update. This real-time intelligent control system and method for dual-wire arc additive manufacturing consists of a dual-wire arc additive manufacturing execution unit, a multi-source online detection unit, and a central control and intelligent control unit. Through steps such as parameter preset and model establishment, system debugging and initialization, synchronous data acquisition during the printing process, real-time component decoupling and deviation calculation, and intelligent calculation and update of next-layer process parameters, it achieves high detection accuracy, fast response speed, and improved forming quality and stability. It is adaptable to the high-precision preparation of multi-system functional graded materials.

This invention relates to the field of machine tool design and manufacturing technology, and provides a method and apparatus for optimizing the slide of a milling and boring machine based on functionally graded materials (FJTs). The method includes: establishing a dynamic finite element model of the slide component; obtaining the deformation field and stress distribution of the slide component by simulating its working state under machining load to determine the optimization objective; establishing a mapping relationship between the material composition distribution and equivalent elastic parameters of the FJT; optimizing the gradient distribution function of the FJT based on the mapping relationship, with the end deformation in the optimization objective as the optimization direction, to obtain the optimal material gradient distribution function; and controlling the manufacturing process to form the slide component according to the optimal material gradient distribution function. This invention solves the problem in the prior art of actively controlling the stiffness distribution of the slide at the structural level to suppress its pitch deformation, and realizes the optimization of the mechanical properties of the slide through the axial gradient distribution of material stiffness.

The invention discloses a laminated truncated cone shell with pores and a research method of thermoelastic buckling of the laminated truncated cone shell. The shell comprises a ceramic heat insulation material layer, a graphene enhanced functionally graded material core layer and a piezoelectric layer. Wherein the ceramic heat insulation material layer and the piezoelectric layer are respectively an inner surface layer and an outer surface layer of the shell, and the graphene enhanced functionally graded material core layer is arranged in the middle of the laminated truncated cone shell. A heat conduction temperature field of the shell is solved according to a one-dimensional heat conduction equation, a control equation of the truncated cone shell in a thermal environment is established based on a Hamilton principle, and then an analytical solution of a buckling critical temperature is obtained by adopting a Galerkin integral method. The invention has the following advantages: 1, the heat-insulating material layer resists high temperature around the shell by utilizing the characteristics of heat-insulating materials such as ceramic with lower heat transfer coefficient; 2, the piezoelectric layer can slow down the vibration of the shell by pre-applying voltage according to the voltage-deformation conversion characteristic of a piezoelectric material; and thirdly, the buckling critical temperature of the shell in the thermal environment can be analyzed and calculated more accurately by adopting the method.

The invention provides a feature analysis method and system for an additive manufacturing process based on deep learning, and can be applied to the technical field of additive manufacturing. According to the method, after the to-be-analyzed image including the macroscopic molten pool image and the macroscopic metallographic image or the microstructure image of the cross section of the deposition sample is obtained, the to-be-analyzed image is segmented through the preset segmentation model to obtain the molten pool area image, the deposition layer contour image or the secondary phase image of the microstructure; then, the deposition layer dilution rate, the additive manufacturing effective deposition rate or the microstructure secondary phase content in the additive manufacturing process are obtained through calculation according to the target area image, and therefore the problems that when the dilution rate, the effective deposition rate and the microstructure secondary phase content are calculated, parameters are sensitive, manual work is depended, precision is low, and efficiency is poor can be effectively solved; and the evaluation accuracy of the component precision, the forming quality and the microstructure evolution in the functionally graded material additive manufacturing process is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, in particular to a metal arc fuse additive manufacturing method with components capable of being adjusted in real time. The method comprises the steps that firstly, raw materials are prepared, specifically, at least two aluminum alloy welding wires with different components are selected as gradient forming raw materials, an aluminum alloy plate is selected as a base plate, and rust removal, oil removal and polishing pretreatment are conducted on the surface of the base plate; step 2, presetting a gradient model: according to the performance requirement of the target functionally graded material; according to the metal arc fuse additive manufacturing method with the components capable of being adjusted in real time, real-time adjustment and control of the components at different positions in the layer are achieved in the TIG technology for the first time, the limitation of uniformity of the components in the layer in a traditional method is broken through, the continuous or stepped gradient in the layer can be flexibly designed according to the local performance requirement of a complex component, meanwhile, interlayer component adjustment and control are compatible, and the production efficiency is improved. And a double-gradient structure is achieved, and the application scene of the aluminum alloy functionally graded material in the high-end fields of aerospace, ocean engineering and the like is greatly expanded.

The invention discloses a cross color suppression method and system for multi-color 3D printing. The cross color suppression method comprises the following steps: establishing a steady-state operation reference before material switching, executing a pre-switching withdrawing action, guiding a new material to be stably injected and fused with a residual melt, reconstructing a cooperative relationship between extrusion flow and a nozzle moving path, and implementing dynamic pressure balance regulation and control; according to the method, a local path fine tuning instruction adaptive to material characteristics is generated, progressive flow climbing is executed, state verification after switching is completed, and other systematized steps are carried out, so that accurate control over the material switching process is achieved; the color crossing phenomenon in multi-color 3D printing is effectively inhibited, the color boundary is clear and sharp, the mechanical performance of a transition area is uniform and stable, meanwhile, material waste and time delay caused by excessive pre-extrusion in a traditional method are avoided, the appearance quality and structural reliability of a multi-color printed piece are remarkably improved, and the application prospect is wide. And the method is particularly suitable for manufacturing requirements of high-precision color models and functionally graded materials.

This invention discloses a three-beam coaxial adaptive laser melting and forming method and apparatus, relating to the fields of metal additive manufacturing and laser welding technology. The method includes: activating a protective gas system; starting a high-precision real-time control system, acquiring multi-source signals from the molten pool region in real time through a monitoring module; transmitting the multi-source signals acquired by the monitoring module to a central processing unit to establish a mapping relationship model between monitoring features and process quality; based on the output of the mapping relationship model, real-time feedback control of laser power, wire feeding speed, and powder feeding rate; and repeating the adaptive control steps to achieve full-process adaptive closed-loop control of the forming path. This invention employs the aforementioned three-beam coaxial adaptive laser melting and forming method and apparatus, which has the advantages of good synergy and multiple control dimensions, enabling online real-time closed-loop control of the manufacturing process and solving the problems of uneven gap repair and forming defects and composition control in the preparation of functionally graded materials.

The invention relates to the technical field of functional material manufacturing, and discloses a polymerization-induced self-assembly method and device based on laser cavitation and photo-initiation compositing, the method adopts focused laser pulse to act on a solution containing a piezoelectric monomer, a chain transfer agent and a photoinitiator, a predetermined position synchronously initiates photochemical polymerization, and cavitation bubbles are induced. And the cavitation bubbles collapse the shock waves to enable the new polymer molecular chain to be oriented into a piezoelectric structure and excite the new polymer molecular chain to generate a charge signal. A high-sensitivity sensor collects charge time response waveforms, controls center decoupling parameters, compares the parameters with a target, and performs closed-loop feedback control on subsequent laser parameters; the device can comprise a laser, a light spot shaping device, a lens group, a constant-temperature water bath box, a sealed container, a target substrate, a three-dimensional moving device, a high-sensitivity charge sensor, a control center, a controller A and a controller B. According to the method, material manufacturing, structure induction and performance in-situ characterization are integrated, and accurate and point-by-point manufacturing of the functionally graded material is achieved.

The invention discloses a high-pressure thin-walled tube heat exchange and thermal stress adjustment method for an energy storage system, and relates to the technical field related to underground energy storage, and the method comprises the following steps: constructing a heat-fluid-solid coupling mathematical model based on the working parameters of a high-pressure thin-walled tube of a compressed gas energy storage system, and calculating the heat-fluid-solid coupling mathematical model by solving a fluid and solid domain control equation; calculating a stress distribution nephogram of the thin-walled tube under stable and transient working conditions, and identifying a maximum stress concentration area; according to the maximum stress concentration area, functionally graded material design is conducted on the thin-walled pipe, so that the physical property of the material changes in a gradient mode in the pipe wall thickness direction or the pipeline axial direction; a distributed phase-change heat exchange device is arranged in a maximum stress concentration area, temperature and stress data monitored in real time are combined, the flow and temperature of a temperature adjusting medium are controlled according to a preset stress threshold value, and active adjustment of thermal stress is achieved. The invention provides a closed-loop logic of stress monitoring, feedback control, local temperature regulation and stress counteracting, and dynamic management of thermal stress is realized.

This invention discloses a method and system for processing multi-layer thickness images in UV printing. The method includes acquiring the target thickness intention, outputting a three-dimensional joint instruction tensor of droplet volume, droplet temperature, and UV light intensity via a generative adversarial network (GAN), and then performing multi-physics collaborative printing based on this tensor. At the pixel level, the method independently controls the droplet temperature of each nozzle and the UV light intensity of each pixel, achieving differentiated modulation such as high stacking, tiling, and edge barrier walls. An error map is obtained by measuring the actual thickness in situ and calculating the expected thickness using a differentiable physical proxy model. This error map is then processed through a three-layer closed loop to achieve real-time correction, GAN update, and fine-tuning of the tactile mapping model. This invention significantly improves thickness control accuracy, substrate adaptability, and printing efficiency, and can be applied to various scenarios such as 3D relief, micro-optical components, functionally graded materials, and 4D self-folding.

The application discloses a kind of functional gradient material crack plate structure dynamics analysis methods, comprising the following steps: obtaining the structure parameters and physical property parameters of crack plate, constructs the physical property parameter distribution function of functional gradient material;Based on first-order shear deformation theory and penalty function, crack plate energy functional is established;Based on the displacement of normal plate is extended to the improved fourier series, constructs the displacement function of normal plate;Establish polar coordinates on crack plate, based on polar coordinates, crack complementary function is constructed;The displacement function of normal plate and crack complementary function are added to obtain the overall displacement function of crack plate;Based on the expansion coefficient vector of overall displacement function, the characteristic equation of functional gradient crack plate structure is constructed;Based on crack plate energy functional, functional gradient crack plate structure characteristic equation is solved, and the dynamic response of functional gradient crack plate is solved by iteration.The application has less limitation to plate thickness, and most of crack plate modeling requirements can be realized according to actual demand.

Disclosed is a glass-ceramic block containing a crystal phase in a non-crystalline glass matrix, a main crystal phase of the crystal phase including lithium pyrosilicate, an additional crystal phase including eucryptite, a gradient of the main crystal phase size with respect to the depth, a functionally graded material in which the value of the gradient of the main crystal phase size changes without an interface, a dental block required for cutting processing, which can be effectively used to manufacture artificial tooth restorations similar in aesthetics to natural teeth, and which, due to the inclusion of the additional crystal phase such as eucryptite, can be easily manufactured into artificial tooth restorations by mechanical processing compared to a phase including only lithium pyrosilicate, thereby not only shortening the manufacturing time but also increasing the structural stability in terms of force dispersion through functional grading of mechanical properties.

This invention pertains to a system and method for three-dimensional (3D) printing using acoustic modulation to control the flow and solidification of various materials, with integrated thermal management and real-time analytical adjustments. The system addresses the challenges of controlling the solidification process in non-solid states, which can lead to defects. It utilizes acoustic emitters for precise modulation, a material dispensing unit adaptable to various materials, and an advanced control system for synchronization. The method involves material dispensing followed by acoustic modulation to mold the material. Adjustments based on sensor feedback ensure a seamless transition from non-solid to solid states. The system can handle diverse materials and create multi-material objects with tailored properties. Applications include the fabrication of 3D objects with enhanced structural integrity, surface finish, and complex geometries, as well as functionally graded materials and composites.

The invention relates to a multi-piece multi-dimensional functionally graded material optimization method, device, equipment and medium, and belongs to the technical field of functionally graded materials.According to the multi-piece multi-dimensional functionally graded material optimization method, a multi-piece three-dimensional functionally graded material porous structure is constructed based on a B spline or NURBS; the constructed PHT-AIGA is adopted to carry out self-adaptive solution and iterative refinement on the geometric configuration of the porous structure of the multiple pieces of three-dimensional functionally graded materials, a numerical analysis template grid meeting an error threshold value is obtained, and the PHT-AIGA comprises geometric analysis such as a PHT spline base, a super-convergence recovery base error estimation algorithm and a Doffler marking strategy; according to the method, a multi-objective optimization function is constructed with the minimum mass and the maximum free vibration fundamental frequency as optimization objectives, iterative solution is conducted on the multi-objective optimization function, optimized design variables are obtained, and the precision and efficiency of multi-objective optimization of the multiple pieces of three-dimensional functionally graded materials are improved.

This disclosure provides an oxidation-resistant carbon-carbon composite that is molecularly inhibited with uniformly dispersed carbides. Nanoparticles of refractory metals and / or semi-metals suspended in a colloidal suspension infiltrate pores of a carbon-carbon composite during an initial pre-impregnation stage or carbon densification stage. The carbon-carbon composite is heated to form carbides that provide molecular level inhibition in both the interbundle and intrabundle matrix. The carbides are configured to form glass that serves as an oxidation barrier for the carbon-carbon composite. The carbon-carbon composite may be coated with external coatings that can include a converted silicon carbide, functionally graded material (FGM) ceramic coating, metallic coating, polymer-based coating, as-cured or low-temperature heat-treated sealant, or combinations thereof.

The invention discloses a transverse isotropic functionally graded material crack propagation analysis method and a service life prediction system, and relates to the field of civil engineering materials and structural safety, and the transverse isotropic functionally graded material crack propagation analysis method comprises the following steps: constructing a dual boundary integral equation set based on a transverse isotropic multilayer medium basic solution; calculating a crack tip mixed mode stress intensity factor with high precision by adopting a self-adaptive grid division technology; and realizing full-automatic prediction of a fatigue crack propagation path and a structural fatigue life by combining a crack propagation law and a virtual crack propagation strategy. By only automatically discretizing the boundary and the crack surface, the huge calculation burden of a traditional finite element method in global discretization and repeated grid division is avoided, and the method is particularly suitable for processing the fatigue problem of transverse isotropic functionally graded materials (such as layered rock mass, side slope foundation and oriented fiber reinforced composite materials) in a semi-infinite domain. And the calculation efficiency, the precision and the engineering practical level of durability analysis and life prediction of the civil engineering structure under the cyclic load are remarkably improved.

This invention discloses a photocurable 3D printing elastic resin and a foaming method. The photocurable 3D printing elastic resin incorporates surface-modified high-temperature thermally foamed microspheres. The double bond formation and roughening of these microspheres improve the crosslinking and mechanical interlocking with the resin, thereby enhancing tensile strength. After printing, the microspheres undergo ultrasonic and vacuum pretreatment to accelerate the vaporization of liquid alkanes within the thermally foamed microspheres. Heating then allows the alkanes to escape, producing a foaming effect. This method yields elastic printed parts with high foaming rate and good uniformity, meeting the application requirements of lightweight, highly elastic, and functionally graded materials.

At least one implementation describes an electrolytic polishing device comprising a cathode having a width and a length. In at least one implementation, a dielectric is around the cathode. In at least one implementation, the dielectric extends at least partially along the length of the cathode. In at least one implementation, the cathode comprises a superelastic metal alloy. In at least one implementation, the dielectric comprises a functionally graded material.

The application relates to an NC-ECC function gradient material design method based on strain coordination, which comprises the following steps: regarding the NC-ECC function gradient material as being composed of multiple layers of NC-ECC composite materials with different ECC volume fractions, the elastic modulus of the NC-ECC composite material presents nonlinear change in the form of an exponential function E ( v ) with the increase of the ECC volume fraction; listing an elastic modulus linear function E ( z ) along the thickness direction, so that the interlayer strain of the NC-ECC function gradient material tends to be coordinated when the NC-ECC function gradient material is stressed; carrying out layered design on the NC-ECC function gradient material, obtaining E ( k , n ) by substituting the position coordinates into the elastic modulus linear function, calculating the volume fractions corresponding to different gradient sublayers by equating the exponential function E ( v ); and carrying out one-dimensional theoretical description on the NC-ECC function gradient material, obtaining the value of the shape coefficient N by equating the volume fraction design values obtained by each layer and the one-dimensional description theory. The NC-ECC function gradient material designed by the method has good mechanical properties, crack control ability and low cost.