14 results about "Extremely hard" patented technology

The invention discloses a cutterhead arrangement method for improving TBM (tunnel boring machine) hob tunneling efficiency in extremely hard rock tunneling, which is characterized in that two rows of first multi-blade hobs, two rows of second single-blade hobs and two rows of side hobs are arranged on a cutterhead at intervals, the end faces of the blades of the first multi-blade hobs are higher than the end faces of the blades of the second single-blade hobs, and the first multi-blade hobs and the second single-blade hobs are arranged at intervals; the rear single-blade hobs are annularly arranged between the two rows of the front multi-blade hobs in the radial direction, the side hobs are arranged on the cutterhead excavation boundary arc lines on the outermost sides of the two rows of the front multi-blade hobs and adopt single blades, and by means of the arrangement method, specific energy consumption needed by rock breaking in unit volume is remarkably reduced, the economical efficiency and construction efficiency of TBM tunneling are improved, and the construction cost is reduced. The method is suitable for hard rock breaking scenes such as tunneling, mining and deep rock mass engineering.

This invention relates to a method for preparing biomimetic diamonds with shell-like structures, aiming to effectively enhance the toughness of superhard materials. Using highly oriented pyrolytic graphite as raw material, a high-temperature, high-pressure method was employed to manipulate the sample's microstructure and graphite content, resulting in the successful preparation of biomimetic diamonds with a shell-like nacreous structure. This method bends the highly oriented graphite under high pressure to replicate the cross-interlocking structure found in shells, while simultaneously utilizing the martensitic phase transformation properties of graphite to control the diamond grain orientation. Experimental results indicate that the biomimetic diamonds produced exhibit extremely high hardness (HV > 120 GPa) and excellent toughness (K IC =15.9 MPa·m 0.5 ), with toughness approximately four times that of single-crystal diamond. Compared to traditional nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD), its toughness is nearly doubled while maintaining similar hardness. This invention resolves the contradiction between hardness and toughness in superhard materials, providing a new technical path for the application of extremely hard and high-toughness NPD, and has important industrial application prospects.

The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling tools, and discloses a single-cone bit for drilling extremely hard formations, including a bit body. The lower surface of the bit body is an inclined surface, and a fixing member is installed on the inclined surface. A cone is installed on the outer side of the fixing member. A liquid guide hole is formed inside the bit body, and a through hole is formed inside the fixing member. The through hole communicates with the external space located at the lower left side of the cone. A first jet hole and a second jet hole are formed inside the bit body. An induction mechanism is arranged inside the bit body. A clamping groove is formed inside the bit body, and a connecting rod is movably clamped in the clamping groove. A rotating mechanism is arranged inside the bit body. A sliding groove is formed on the bit body, and a sliding member is installed in the sliding groove. Through the arrangement of the sliding member and the sliding groove, the drilling fluid can drive the rock and soil debris and is not likely to be blocked in the annular space, thereby reducing the probability that the components inside the device are under great pressure for a long time.

The present invention provides a method for optimizing the structure of a conical PDC tooth, which includes: establishing a contact stiffness calculation model based on formation parameters and the apex parameters of the conical PDC tooth to calculate the contact stiffness; establishing an apex radius calculation model based on formation parameters, construction parameters, bit parameters, and contact stiffness to calculate the apex radius. The present invention has the following beneficial effects: It can provide scientific guidance for the optimization of conical PDC teeth, can select a suitable conical tooth structure in combination with the formation conditions, and can avoid the situation that the conical PDC tooth cannot penetrate in hard formations or penetrates too deep in plastic formations due to inappropriate structure. By optimizing the conical PDC teeth through this method, it is expected to improve the mechanical drilling rate of the bit with conical PDC teeth in extremely hard formations and extend the service life of the bit.

The present invention proposes a rock breaking method based on the combination of rock breaking device and projectile penetration, wherein a high-pressure water jet device is used to perform a primary crushing at the first preset position of the tunnel face, so as to cut the tunnel face to form a cutting boundary; a laser beam device is used to perform a secondary crushing at the first preset position of the tunnel face, so as to cut again along the cutting boundary, and the cutting boundary encloses the tunnel face; a blasting device is used to perform a tertiary crushing at the second preset position of the tunnel face, so as to blast the tunnel face enclosed by the cutting boundary to form an excavation face; in summary, the technical effect of thoroughly and efficiently crushing hard rock and extremely hard rock is achieved through primary blasting, secondary blasting and tertiary blasting. It can be widely used in the field of rock crushing technology.

The construction method comprises the steps that a vertical shaft is constructed on the ground in front of the terminal point of the ultra-hard rock section in the tunnel construction direction, and the bottom of the vertical shaft extends to be flush with the main line design axis of a tunnel; a small pilot tunnel is excavated along the tunnel main line design axis based on the vertical shaft, and the small pilot tunnel extends to the end point of the extremely hard rock section along the tunnel main line design axis; and the shield tunneling machine carries out tunneling construction along the main line design axis of the tunnel. According to the method, the vertical shaft is constructed on the ground, and the small pilot tunnel is excavated to penetrate through the extremely-hard rock section in advance, so that the technical problems that the tunneling resistance of a shield tunneling machine in the extremely-hard rock layer is large, and a cutter is seriously abraded are solved. According to the method, the shield tunneling load can be obviously reduced, the construction efficiency is improved, the cutter loss is effectively controlled, the surrounding rock stress is released in advance through the pilot tunnel, and the shield construction safety and the tunnel forming quality are guaranteed.

The present invention relates to a machining tool (1) for machining extremely hard materials, and to a method for manufacturing same. Such a machining tool comprises a cemented carbide main body which is rotationally symmetrical with respect to a rotational axis (z) and which has a front end (20) and a shank (10) designed to be clamped into a tool holder of a machine tool. The front end is formed as a rotationally symmetrical tool tip (20). This tool tip (20) is thus formed integrally with the shank (20) of the cemented carbide main body. At least one hard material layer (24), such as a diamond layer, is applied over the entire surface of the tool tip (20). A plurality of flutes (25) having cutting edges (30) extend within the hard material layer (24), said flutes being introduced into the hard material layer (24) exclusively by means of laser machining.

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunneling, and provides a pre-mixing abrasive water jet TBM and a working method thereof, a swivel joint is located at the rear end of a cutterhead, the swivel joint is small in size, a sealing piece is convenient to replace when worn, and integration and use of a pre-mixing technology on the continuously rotating TBM cutterhead are guaranteed; moreover, according to the parallel connection and series connection setting mode of the abrasive tank set and the use of the independent abrasive tanks, the abrasive tank supply system types are divided into four abrasive tank supply systems, and the corresponding abrasive tank supply system types are adopted according to the size of the construction space of the tunnel boring machine and the jet cutting flow of the water jet. The requirements for continuous tunneling and mixing quality can be met, integration and use of the pre-mixing technology on the continuously-rotating TBM cutterhead are further guaranteed, and finally the problem of efficient tunneling of the TBM in hard rock or extremely-hard rock stratums is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of shield tunneling machines, in particular to a heavy-load three-blade hobbing cutter capable of independently operating under the working condition of extremely hard rock. A first cutter hub, a second cutter hub and a third cutter hub which are axially distributed in parallel sleeve a cutter shaft; a first copper sleeve with a flange is arranged between the first cutter hub and the cutter shaft, a second copper sleeve with a flange is arranged between the second cutter hub and the cutter shaft, a third copper sleeve is arranged between the first cutter hub and the second cutter hub, and a plurality of oil through holes are formed in the third copper sleeve in the circumferential direction; tapered roller bearings are arranged between the third cutter hub and the cutter shaft in parallel; the first cutter hub, the second cutter hub and the third cutter hub are all sleeved with cutter rings, the cutter rings on the first cutter hub and the second cutter hub are tightly attached to each other, and a self-lubricating material is embedded between every two cutter rings which are attached to each other. According to the invention, each cutter ring realizes an independent operation function, so that excessive wear and abnormal failure of the cutter rings are avoided; and each cutter ring can bear high thrust, so that high-penetration and high-efficiency tunneling of the hobbing cutter under the working condition of extremely hard rock is realized.

The present invention provides a device and method for combined rock breaking using projectile blasting and mechanical cutters. The device is used to break the rock face, and comprises: a frame; a blasting assembly, the blasting assembly being disposed within the frame, the blasting assembly comprising a barrel, the barrel being positioned at a first preset position facing the face for performing the blasting action; and a mechanical rock breaking assembly, the mechanical rock breaking assembly being disposed at one end of the frame, the mechanical rock breaking assembly comprising several rotating rock breaking arms, the plurality of rotating rock breaking arms being positioned at a second preset position facing the face for performing the rotary crushing action. After the blasting assembly performs the blasting action at the first preset position, the mechanical rock breaking assembly performs the rotary crushing action at the second preset position to jointly crush the face. By means of the above method, a sufficient and good rock breaking effect can be achieved for hard and extremely hard rock.

This application provides an ultra-hard deep hole honing cutter, including a honing cutter body, which includes a connecting part, a cutter body, and a cutting part. The outer surface of the cutting part has a first spiral chip removal groove and a second spiral chip removal groove. The outer surface of the cutting part has a plurality of first liquid inlet holes and a plurality of second liquid inlet holes. A liquid guiding cavity is formed inside the cutting part. When coolant is sprayed onto the cutting part of the honing cutter body through an external nozzle, the coolant can first contact the outer surface of the cutting part. Through the cooperation of the plurality of first liquid inlet holes and the plurality of second liquid inlet holes, the coolant can enter the liquid guiding cavity and contact the inner wall of the liquid guiding cavity. Through the cooperation of the inside and outside, the cooling rate of the cutting part can be improved, and the cooling effect can be further enhanced. The first spiral chip removal groove and the second spiral chip removal groove form a double-threaded chip removal channel on the cutting part, which can improve the chip removal effect of the cutting part itself.

The invention discloses an extremely-hard rock stratum pilot tunnel rapid tunneling method which comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing a coal conveying inclined roadway tunneling working face by using a drilling machine, arranging 11 drill holes in the working face, charging and sealing the 1-5 # drill holes, sealing the 6-11 # drill holes, not charging explosives, performing pilot tunnel blasting pre-splitting, and finishing and tunneling along the contour of a pre-splitting surface by using a fully-mechanized excavating machine. According to the method, a two-stage construction method is adopted, drilling construction pilot tunnel blasting is utilized, blasting presplitting can form a radial fracture network, the rock mass integrity is reduced accordingly, then a fully-mechanized coal winning machine is adopted for tunneling along blasting residual hole marks, the tunneling time is shortened, and the specific energy consumption of cutting is obviously reduced.

The present invention provides an extremely hard and highly tough nanocrystalline diamond composite material and a preparation method thereof. It belongs to the field of preparation of highly tough and extremely hard materials. The extremely hard and highly tough nanocrystalline diamond composite material is composed of cubic diamond and cubic carbon. The molar percentage of the cubic diamond is 70-90%, and the molar percentage of the cubic carbon is 10-30%. The preparation method of the extremely hard and highly tough nanocrystalline diamond composite material of the present invention specifically comprises the following steps: using graphene as a raw material, pre-pressing the graphene into a cylinder in a mold, and subjecting the pre-pressed sample to a high-temperature and high-pressure synthesis reaction. After the high-temperature and high-pressure synthesis reaction, cooling and pressure relief are carried out to obtain the extremely hard and highly tough nanocrystalline diamond composite material. Compared with the prior art, the extremely hard and highly tough nanocrystalline diamond composite material of the present invention has two phases of cubic diamond + cubic carbon. Compared with single-crystal diamond, the toughness is increased by 1-2 times while maintaining comparable hardness.

The present invention relates to a cutting tool (1) for machining extremely hard materials and a method for its manufacture. Such a cutting tool comprises a carbide base body rotationally symmetrical about an axis of rotation (z), which has a front end (20) and a shank (10) designed for clamping in a tool holder of a machine tool. The front end is shaped as a rotationally symmetrical tool tip (20). This tool tip (20) is thus formed integrally with the shank (20) of the carbide base body. At least one hard material layer (24), such as a diamond layer, is applied over the entire surface of the tool tip (20). A plurality of chip flutes (25) having cutting edges (30) extend into the hard material layer (24), which are produced in the hard material layer (24) solely by means of laser processing.