A method for ecologically cultivating shrimp seedlings of Penaeus vannamei

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and discloses a method for ecologically culturing young penaeus vannamei. The method comprises the following steps: ecologically culturing algae; ecologically culturing insects; and ecologically culturing young penaeus vannamei. The method is a technology of ecologically culturing the young penaeus vannamei in outdoor, survival rate of the young penaeus vannamei can be increased, growth speed of the young penaeus vannamei is increased, the physique of the young penaeus vannamei is improved, adaptive capacity of the young penaeus vannamei to environments such as the temperature and the salinity is improved, the culturing cost for the young penaeus vannamei is reduced, and the yield of the young penaeus vannamei is improved. The method is reasonable in design, and is convenient and practical.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a method for ecologically cultivating young Penaeus vannamei. Background technique [0002] Penaeus vannamei is native to Central and South America, and together with Chinese prawns and Penaeus monodon, it is recognized as the world's three excellent cultured prawn species. Vannamei has the advantages of fast growth, long breeding season, strong adaptability, low nutritional requirements, long out-of-water survival time, and processed meat rate. Since it was introduced into my country in the late 1980s, the breeding area and output have increased year by year. Now It has become the main aquaculture species in my country. Seedlings are the real support of aquaculture industry technology, and the quality of shrimp seedlings directly affects the later breeding effect. my country’s demand for Penaeus vannamei seedlings is huge. The first-generation seedlings cultivat...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

And ammonia nitrogen is also the main stress factor that mainly restricts the aquaculture environment. The high concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the water can easily induce diseases of shrimp seedlings, affect the growth of shrimp seedlings, cause metabolic disorders of the body of shrimp seedlings and reduce their environmental adaptability, making shrimp seedlings vulnerable to stress. Infection of various hospital microorganisms reduces the survival rate of seedlings and reduces the quality of shrimp seedlings

In addition, a large amount of residual bait and feces are accumulated in the pond, and the water quality is extremely deteriorated. A large number of vibrio and fungi are bred in the pond, which seriously endangers the health of the shrimp seedlings, and can even cause a large number of shrimp seedlings in the whole pond to die in a short period of time.

[0005] 2. Poor nutrition

The main problem of using compound feed is that the feed particles settle quickly in the water body, the slow release speed is not good, and some particles dissolve in the water, so that the nutrition of the feed is easily lost to the water, and it is not easy to be ingested by the shrimp seedlings, and at the same time cause bacteria and fungi to multiply and pollute Water body

Artemia can provide a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids to shrimp seedlings, which is rich in nutrition, but good Artemia eggs have a high hatch rate and are expensive, and poor Artemia eggs have a low hatch rate, and a large number of dead eggs and empty egg shells are brought into the pond. While polluting water quality and breeding bacteria, after being eaten by shrimp by mistake, it cannot be digested and absorbed by shrimp, and it is easy to block the intestinal tract of shrimp, resulting in the death of shrimp

Moreover, the nutrition of the compound feed and Artemia worms is relatively simple, lacking some amino acids and vitamins required by the shrimp seedlings, the growth rate of the shrimp seedlings is not high, the quality of the shrimp seedlings on the market is average, and the survival rate is low

[0007] 3. Poor adaptability

[0008] In industrial seedling production, the temperature and salinity control is relatively stable. Under normal circumstances, the temperature of Penaeus vannamei seedlings is 30°C-31°C, and some seedling manufacturers use 33-34°C for cultivation in order to consider the cost of seedling cultivation. Shrimp seedlings, so as to achieve the rapid growth of shrimp seedlings, shorten the breeding time for the purpose, reduce the production cost, and increase the output of the factory. However, this constant temperature and high temperature seedling breeding mode makes the shrimp seedlings weaker in physique and poor in adaptability. It is difficult to show good adaptability to the pond environment after being put into the outer pond for cultivation

[0009] 4. Adapt to narrow salinity

Poor osmotic pressure adjustment ability of shrimp seedlings, poor tolerance to environmental salinity after entering the pond, and narrow adaptability to salinity range. Once the water salinity changes greatly, the shrimp seedlings will be weak and prone to disease, resulting in survival in later breeding rate is not high

[0011] 4. Slow growth

[0012] Due to the high stocking density, single bait, and poor water quality environment, the industrialized seedlings have average physique and slow growth rate.

Especially in some nursery units, faced with a large number of Vibrio and fungi in the pond, and a large number of shrimp morbidity, a large number of antibiotics are used for disease prevention and treatment, which further reduces the quality of shrimp

In addition, the water temperature of the industrial seedlings in the early stage is stable, and after the shrimp seedlings enter the breeding pond in the later stage, the temperature, salinity, and water quality change greatly, and it is difficult for the shrimp seedlings to adapt, resulting in low growth rate and slow growth rate.

[0013] 5. High cost

Among them, the cost of supporting feed and artemia used in large quantities is high, the maintenance cost of the boiler temperature control system of supporting facilities is high, and the water treatment facilities are complicated, including treatment systems such as sand tanks, foam separators, precision filters, dark sedimentation tanks, and water source treatment. High cost and many processes

And high-yield industrial seedlings cannot do without high investment, so that the price of high-quality shrimp seedlings remains high

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