Lithium metal battery with high specific energy

A lithium metal battery, high ratio technology, applied in the direction of battery electrodes, secondary batteries, circuits, etc., can solve the problems of increasing cost and safety hazards, hindering the practical application of lithium metal batteries, reducing battery energy density, etc., to achieve cost reduction and safety Hidden dangers, low manufacturing cost, and the effect of improving energy density

Inactive Publication Date: 2019-05-07
HARBIN INST OF TECH
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, this method will reduce the energy density of the battery. In addition, due to the sensitivity of metal lithium to water and oxygen, the pre-storage lithium process increases the cost of the manufacturing process and the safety hazards of the storage and transportation process, hindering the practical application of lithium metal batteries.

Method used

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  • Lithium metal battery with high specific energy
  • Lithium metal battery with high specific energy
  • Lithium metal battery with high specific energy

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0027] A layer of indium metal layer with a thickness of 100nm was evaporated on the surface of the copper foil by thermal evaporation as the negative electrode ( figure 1 ), and Li-rich material Li 1.2 mn 0.6 Ni 0.2 o 2 Positive electrode, carbonate-based electrolyte (solute is 1M LiPF 6 , the solvent is EC:DMC:DEC with a volume ratio of 1:1:1) and the polypropylene separator is assembled in an argon-filled glove box (water, oxygen content ≤ 1ppm) to assemble the battery ( figure 2 ), and test the battery performance after 12 hours of storage. The test temperature is 20°C, the charge and discharge voltage range is 2.0-4.8V, the battery is activated at 0.1C (1C=300 mAh / g) for 3 times and then cycled at 1C. After one cycle, a thin layer of uniform and dense metal lithium ( image 3 ). After 500 cycles, the capacity retention rate of the battery is 90.2%, and the average Coulombic efficiency is 97.1%. For pouch batteries, the thickness of the copper foil is 10 μm, the t...

Embodiment 2

[0029] A layer of zinc metal layer with a thickness of 50nm was evaporated on the surface of the nickel foil by thermal evaporation as the negative electrode ( figure 1 ), and Li-rich material Li 1.2 mn 0.54 Ni 0.16 co 0.10 o 2 Positive electrode, carbonate-based electrolyte (solute is 1M LiPF 6 , the solvent is EC:DMC:DEC with a volume ratio of 1:1:1) and the polypropylene separator is assembled in an argon-filled glove box (water, oxygen content ≤ 1ppm) to assemble the battery ( figure 2 ), and test the battery performance after 12 hours of storage. The test temperature is 20°C, the charge and discharge voltage range is 2.0-4.8V, 0.1C (1C=300mAh / g) is activated for 3 times and then cycled at 1C. After one cycle, a thin layer of uniform and dense metal lithium ( image 3 ). After 500 cycles, the capacity retention rate of the battery is 91.6%, and the average Coulombic efficiency is 96.9%. For pouch batteries, the thickness of the nickel foil is 10 μm, the thickness...

Embodiment 3

[0031] A tin metal layer with a thickness of 100 nm is evaporated on the surface of foamed copper by thermal evaporation as a negative electrode ( figure 1 ), and Li-rich material Li 1.2 mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 co 0.13 o 2 Positive electrode, carbonate-based electrolyte (solute is 1M LiPF 6 , the solvent is EC:DMC:DEC with a volume ratio of 1:1:1) and the polypropylene separator is assembled in an argon-filled glove box (water, oxygen content ≤ 1ppm) to assemble the battery ( figure 2 ), and test the battery performance after 12 hours of storage. The test temperature is 20°C, the charge and discharge voltage range is 2.0-4.8V, 0.1C (1C=300mAh / g) is activated for 3 times and then cycled at 1C. After one cycle, a thin layer of uniform and dense metal lithium ( image 3 ). After 500 cycles, the capacity retention rate of the battery is 93.8%, and the average Coulombic efficiency is 97.4%. For pouch batteries, the thickness of foamed copper is 20μm, the thickness of the separato...

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Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium metal battery with high specific energy. The battery comprises a liquid system battery composed of a negative electrode, a positive electrode, an electrolyte, a diaphragm or an all-solid battery composed of a negative electrode, a positive electrode and a solid electrolyte membrane, wherein the negative electrode is a lithium-free negative electrode composed of ametal substrate and a lithiophilic metal layer covering the metal substrate and capable of inducing the uniform lithium deposition; the positive electrode is a lithium-rich positive electrode expressed as xLi2MnO3.(1-x)LiMO2, 0<x<1, M = Mn, Ni, Co. The lithiophilic metal on the surface of the lithium-free negative electrode can induce uniform lithium deposition, ensures very high deposition-dissolution efficiency of lithium metal deposited on the negative electrode current collector to obtain a high lithium utilization rate. The lithium-rich material is used as a positive electrode active material. After one cycle, the excess lithium of the positive electrode is stored in the negative electrode in the form of lithium metal in order to supplement the active lithium consumed by a side reaction in the subsequent cycles to obtain high coulombic efficiency and high cycle life. The lithium metal battery has low manufacturing cost, good safety, a long service life and high specific energy.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical power sources, and relates to a lithium ion battery, in particular to a high specific energy lithium metal battery with initial metal-free lithium and long cycle life. Background technique [0002] Since Japan's Sony Corporation launched the first commercial lithium-ion battery in 1991, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in different fields, especially in portable electronic devices. In recent years, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in electric vehicles and grid storage. The application in energy continues to expand, and higher requirements are placed on the energy density of energy storage batteries. However, the current commercialized lithium-ion battery anode materials are mainly carbon materials such as graphite, and the theoretical specific capacity of graphite is only 372 mAh / g, which makes it difficult for lithium-ion secondary batteries with graphite as the anode to be...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M4/38H01M4/505H01M4/525H01M4/134H01M4/131H01M10/0525
CPCY02E60/10
Inventor 高云智马玉林刘松松付传凯赵伟李素丽
Owner HARBIN INST OF TECH
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