Controllable electromagnetic drive type impact-scraping and cutting composite drill bit and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a controllable electromagnetic drive type impact-scraping and cutting composite drill bit and a method. The controllable electromagnetic drive type impact-scraping and cuttingcomposite drill bit comprises a drill bit body, a fixed cutting structure, an impact cutting structure and a power supply energy storage structure, wherein the fixed cutting structure and the impact cutting structure are arranged on the drill bit body; the impact cutting structure comprises an impact guiding pipe, a punch and impact cutting teeth, the impact cutting teeth are fixedly connected tothe tail end of the punch, the punch slides or performs sliding impact relative to the drill bit body; the power supply energy storage structure comprises a rotatable impeller, a motor, a capacitor and a control chip for controlling the discharging frequency, and a matched using method is provided. Compared with a general PDC drill bit, rock can be pre-crushed, the rock crushing efficiency is improved, the abrasion rate of the teeth is slowed down, and the stick-slip effect of the PDC drill bit in the drilling process can further be relieved. Compared with traditional impact type drill bits, the controllable electromagnetic drive type impact-scraping and cutting composite drill bit can control the impact frequency and automatically store energy, the structure is simple, and the well drilling and rock crushing efficiency can be effectively improved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of drilling tools, in particular to a drill bit, in particular to a controllable electromagnetically driven impact-scraping composite drill bit and its method. Background technique [0002] With the continuous deepening of oil and gas exploration and development, the number of deep wells and ultra-deep wells continues to increase, and more and more formations with high rock hardness, low rock drillability, and high abrasiveness are encountered during drilling. Due to the increasingly complex formation conditions encountered during the drilling process, the ROP has dropped significantly, and the wear of the drilling tools has become more serious. Coupled with factors such as underground high temperature and high pressure, the drilling tools are prone to accidents during the drilling of deep and ultra-deep wells. Failures, the speed and cost of oil and gas field development are greatly affected. [0003] The ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0004] The three-cone bit mainly breaks rocks in the form of impact crushing, and is applicable to a wide range of formations, but its energy utilization rate is not high, the rock breaking efficiency is relatively low, and the ROP is low.

The life of the tri-cone bit is largely limited by the life of the bearings

The main disadvantages of the PDC bit are: first, when the strength or hardness of the rock is high, it is difficult for the PDC teeth to eat into the rock to form effective scraping, especially when the PDC teeth are worn, it is even more difficult for the teeth to eat into the formation. The drilling speed of the drill bit will decrease sharply

Third, the wear rate of the PDC teeth on different radial areas of the PDC bit is significantly different. Generally, the wear rate of the cutting teeth in the outer area of ​​the drill bit (especially the outer 1 / 3 area of ​​the drill bit radius) is significantly faster than that of the teeth in the core area. Poor tooth wear balance, which reduces the overall performance of the drill bit

For these existing research results, on the one hand, the existence of the impact load generator makes the drilling tool too long; on the other hand, the impact load will be transmitted to the rock through the PDC cutter, so that the force on the cutter during drilling will be More complex, seriously affecting the life of the cutter, thus increasing the time and cost of drilling

[0010] As shown in the prior art provided by the Chinese invention with the publication number CN102678055B, the impact energy of the existing impact-scraping composite drill bit is supplied externally, and a matching impactor needs to be provided, which results in a longer drill bit size, which is not conducive to drilling. To the well, and there is a problem of serious wear of the connection part, and the reliability is low

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