Heavy oil hydrogenation reaction system and hydrogenation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a heavy oil hydrogenation reaction system and a hydrogenation method. The system comprises a hydrogen-carrying fluid forming area, a high-hydrogen-content mixed fluid forming area and a heavy oil hydrogenation reaction area, the hydrogen-carrying fluid forming area comprises at least one micro-channel mixer, and each micro-channel mixer comprises a micro-channel assembly and a shell; the micro-channel assembly comprises a plurality of stacked sheets and a plurality of layers of lipophilic and / or hydrophilic fibers filled between gaps of the adjacent sheets, a plurality of micro-channels are formed between the fibers, and the fibers are clamped and fixed through the sheets. According to the method, the raw oil and the hydrogen-carrying fluid form a hydrogen-rich gas-in-oil fluid, and the hydrogen-rich gas-in-oil fluid enters a catalyst bed layer for hydrogenation reaction, so that the hydrogenation reaction rate and conversion depth of heavy oil are improved, carbon deposition and coking on the surface of a catalyst are inhibited, the yield of light oil is improved, and the start-up period of a device is prolonged.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of heavy oil hydrogenation, and in particular relates to a heavy oil hydrogenation reaction system and a hydrogenation method, which can be applied to the heavy oil hydrogenation reaction process. Background technique [0002] Heavy oil hydrogenation treatment technology is one of the hotspots in hydrogenation process research. Heavy oil hydrogenation reaction process and reactors are divided into various types, such as fixed bed hydrogenation process and reactor, suspension bed hydrogenation process and reactor, ebullating bed Hydrogenation process and reactors, etc. Among them, the fixed bed hydrogenation reactor is the most widely used and can be used in various types of heavy oil hydrogenation processes. [0003] Although the heavy oil hydrogenation process has been widely used, there are still the following problems: (1) The heavy oil raw material has many impurities, and it is difficult to hydrogenate and remove...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] Although the heavy oil hydrogenation process has been widely used, there are still the following problems: (1) The heavy oil raw material has many impurities, and it is difficult to hydrogenate and remove impurities. Generally, relatively harsh reaction conditions are required, such as high temperature, high pressure, and low space velocity, resulting in energy consumption. (2) The heavy oil hydrogenation process requires a large hydrogen-to-oil ratio, which generally requires a relatively large hydrogen-to-oil ratio to achieve the desired reaction effect, so the size of the reactor and the reaction system is large and the investment is high; (3) Raw materials Under the condition of high temperature, high pressure and low space velocity, the oil stays for a long time, which leads to serious cracking reaction and low yield of light oil; (4) The hydrogen consumption is high during the reaction process, and the catalyst activity is high, so that the hydrogen molecules are too late during the hydrogen consumption process A large amount of mass transfer diffuses to the main body of the raw material oil, resulting in a state of hydrogen deficiency on the surface of the catalyst and coking and carbon deposition. On the one hand, it causes the problem of uneven reaction, and on the other hand, it leads to the blockage of the catalyst bed and cannot run for a long period of time.

The inventive method is mainly to improve heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency, but only through the conventional hydrogenation reactor structure and hydrogen oil mixing method, the contact time between the catalyst and the raw material cannot be effectively controlled, and the conversion rate of heavy oil and light oil cannot be guaranteed. oil yield

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