Amino alcohol solutions of N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and urea fertilizers using such solutions as urease inhibitors

Abstract

A method of producing reduced volatility of urea fertilizers comprising: dissolving N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) in an amino alcohol having the formula 1 —(H)x—N—((CH2)m—OH)n where m is 1-3, x is 0 or 1, and n is 2 when x is 1 and 3 when x is 0: or the formula 2 —(H)y—N—((CH2)—CHOH—CH3)z such that the length of the carbon chain where the secondary hydroxyl group is located is 3, y is 0 or 1, and z is 2 when y is 1 and 3 when y is 0 to form an NBPT solution; and combining a urea fertilizer in granular or liquid form with the NBPT solution.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0001](1) Field of the Invention[0002]Fertilizer materials derived primarily from urea with other additional useful additives and plant nutrient materials are treated with a solution of N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) dissolved in one or more amino alcohols to reduce nitrogen volatilization. The solution may be applied as a coating for granular urea fertilizers, or mixed with an aqueous fertilizer solution.[0003](2) Description of the Prior Art[0004]The degradation of urea to release ammonia when applied to the soil is well known. The losses of applied nitrogen due to volatilization can be substantial (see review by Terrnan “Volatilization Losses of Nitrogen as Ammonia from Surface Applied Fertilizers, Organic Amendments and Crop Residues” in Advances in Agronomy 31: 189-223, 1979). The losses of nitrogen from urea applied to the soil are dependent upon a number of factors including: soil pH, soil temperature, soil moisture, cation exchange capa...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0021]The requirements for the dissolution of NBPT as a successful formulation to inhibit urease when used to prepare urea containing products either granular or liquid include: an organic molecule which is a liquid or easily liquefied with high water solubility, the presence of an alkaline functional group that limits hydrogen sulfide formation when the NBPT is exposed to water and some degree of polar character such as that of an alcohol group to enhance water solubility. It is desirable that the solvent system chosen have low flammability.

[0033]Additionally, the practice of the invention may include other items of commerce including ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. The glycols can be used as co-solvents or as agents to reduce viscosity of various mixtures to control spreadability of a formulation.

Problems solved by technology

In addition the depth of fertilizer placement influences nitrogen losses and surface placements are generally subject to greater nitrogen loss.

The relative humidity at time of fertilization can influence losses.

The compound is a waxy solid with poor water solubility making it difficult to coat urea and achieve adhesion of the compound.

The compound undergoes hydrolysis and is thermally unstable.

The organic solvents described by the 714 patent are either too flammable for use or pose significant health risks to be considered suitable for coating urea granules.