Lox and loxl2 inhibitors and uses thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to anti-LOX and anti-LOXL2 antibodies and their use in purification, diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Antibodies include monoclonal antibodies, humanized antibodies and functional fragments thereof. Anti-LOX and anti-LOXL2 antibodies can be used to identify and treat conditions such as a fibrotic condition, angiogenesis, or to prevent a transition from an epithelial cell state to a mesenchymal cell state.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE[0001]This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12 / 185,050, filed, Aug. 1, 2008, which application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 963,282, entitled “Methods for Selecting Inhibitors of Tumor Invasion, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis,” filed Aug. 2, 2007; U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 963,249, entitled “Treatment of Diseases With Inhibitors of Active Lysyl Oxidase,” filed August 2, 2007; U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 963,214, entitled “Treatment of Diseases Through Inhibition of Both Lysyl Oxidase and Lysyl Oxidase-Like Proteins,” filed Aug. 2, 2007; U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 963,248, entitled “Diagnosis or Monitoring of Diseases by Assessing Active Lysyl Oxidase Levels or Activity,” filed Aug. 2, 2007; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 963,246, entitled “Combination Therapy Including Lysyl Oxidase Modulators,” filed Aug. 2, 2007, each of which applications is incorporated herein in its e...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0071]Provided herein is a method of reducing growth of a tumor in a subject, comprising administering an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, described herein. A tumor can be a primary tumor or a metastatic tumor. In one aspect, a tumor is, for example, Lung cancer (including lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, non-small-cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, mesothelioma); breast cancer (including ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma, inflammatory breast cancer, clear cell carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma,); colorectal cancer (colon cancer, rectal cancer); anal cancer; pancreatic cancer (including pancreatic adenocarcinoma, islet cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors); prostate cancer; ovarian carcinoma (ovarian epithelial carcinoma or surface epithelial-stromal tumour including serous tumour, endometrioid tumor and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, sex-cord-stromal tumor); liver and bile duct carcinoma (including hepatocelluar carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, hemangioma); esophageal carcinoma (including esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma); non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; bladder carcinoma; carcinoma of the uterus (including endometrial adenocarcinoma, uterine papillary serous carcinoma, uterine clear-cell carcinoma, uterine sarcomas and leiomyosarcomas, mixed mullerian tumors); glioma, glioblastoma, medullablastoma, and other tumors of the brain; kidney cancers (including renal cell carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, Wilm's tumor); cancer of the head and neck (including squamous cell carcinomas); cancer of the stomach (stomach adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor); multiple myeloma; testicular cancer; germ cell tumor; neuroendocrine tumor; cervical cancer; carcinoids of the gastrointestinal tract, breast, and other organs; signet ring cell carcinoma; mesenchymal tumors including sarcomas, fibrosarcomas, haemangioma, angiomatosis, haemangiopericytoma, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, myofibroblastoma, fibromatosis, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, lipoma, angiolipoma, granular cell tumour, neurofibroma, schwannoma, angiosarcoma, liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, leiomyoma or a leiomysarcoma. In one embodiment, a tumor is, for example, a colon tumor, an ovarian tumor, a lung tumor, an esophageal tumor, a breast tumor, a prostate tumor, a carcinoma. Tumor size in the subject can be reduced by at least 10%, 25%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 95%, or more following treatment as compared to the tumor in the subject prior to treatment. In one aspect, the survival of a subject with a tumor is increased by at least 10 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, or more compared to a subject that is not administered the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. Metastatic tumor burden of a subject can be stabilized following administration of an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, described herein. For instance, metastatic tumor burden can be stabilized for at least 10 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 5 years, 10 years or more.

Problems solved by technology

Cancer is a serious public health problem in the United States and other developed countries.

However, subsets of tumor cells are frequently resistant to drug therapy and survive to re-populate at sites of origin and at distant metastatic sites, leading to detectable disease recurrence and morbidity.

Despite advances in the field of cancer treatment, cancer remains a major health problem.

However, there has been limited success to date with the discovery and / or identification of safe and / or effective anti-angiogenic agents.

Such tissue damage may result from physical injury, inflammation, infection, exposure to toxins, and other causes.

Despite recent progress, many of these strategies are still in the experimental stage, and existing therapies are aimed at suppressing inflammation rather than addressing the underlying biochemical processes.

Similarly, atherosclerosis and other ischemic heart diseases often also result in cardiac arrest.

This deposition of fibrotic material is a response to the damage induced by the hypertensive and / or sclerotic state, but the effects of this response also result in the negative effects of vascular and cardiac stiffening as well as ventricle enlargement.

Additionally, it is believed that the increased cardiac fibrosis seen in cardiovascular disease disrupts or alters the signals transmitted to cardiomyocytes via the tissue scaffolding of the heart, further leading to disruption of efficient cardiac function and promoting cardiac arrest and myocardial infarction.

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