On Demand Carbon Monoxide Generator For Therapeutic and Other Applications

a carbon monoxide generator and generator technology, applied in the field of carbon monoxide generator on demand, can solve the problems of poisonous carbon monoxide, hazardous conditions, and inconvenient delivery of cylinders in clinical applications

Inactive Publication Date: 2013-03-28
DIOXIDE MATERIALS
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0009]The invention provides a new carbon dioxide generator design that can produce carbon monoxide on demand at the mg / min rate needed for clinical applications, at the purities needed for these applications, and does not use any corrosive or toxic starting materials. The general approach is to start with carbon dioxide or a related carbonate or bicarbonate, and use a device to convert that material into carbon monoxide (CO) on demand. The advantage is that one does not use any toxic or corrosive starting materials, so the process is safe even if there is a small leak.

Problems solved by technology

Carbon monoxide is poisonous and if a cylinder leaks it could lead to hazardous conditions.
Further, cylinders are not a convenient delivery mode in a clinical application.
For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,948,352, 7,951,273, and patent application 2005 / 0100478 disclose devices that are able to generate nanograms / hr of carbon monoxide for calibration purposes, but the devices cannot produce the mg / min of carbon monoxide needed for some clinical applications.
Also, the reactions in the devices produce toxic byproducts when they are run at the mg / min scale.
None of the previously disclosed electrochemical methods produce carbon monoxide at purities suitable for clinical applications.
The acetic acid would preclude the use of the device in inhalation therapy, and the high hydrogen concentration would create an explosion hazard when the stream is mixed with oxygen for inhalation therapy.

Method used

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  • On Demand Carbon Monoxide Generator For Therapeutic and Other Applications
  • On Demand Carbon Monoxide Generator For Therapeutic and Other Applications
  • On Demand Carbon Monoxide Generator For Therapeutic and Other Applications

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

specific example 1

[0096]The following section describes the testing procedure used for an Active Element, Helper Catalyst Mixture as previously disclosed in the related applications cited above. These particular experiments measured the ability of an Active Element, Helper Catalyst Mixture consisting of platinum and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM-BF4) to lower the overpotential for electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO and raise the selectivity (current efficiency) of the reaction. Therefore, the test can determine whether EMIM-BF4 and the EMIM+ ion can serve as director molecules and director ions, respectively, for the desired reaction. The desired reaction in this test will be the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (typically to primary products such as CO).

[0097]The experiments used the glass three electrode cell shown in FIG. 7. The cell consisted of a three neck flask 101, to hold the anode 108, and the cathode 109. Seal 107 forms a seal around anode wire 108. Fi...

specific example 2

Steady State Production of Carbon Monoxide

[0109]This experiment used the flow cell described in Devin T. Whipple, E. C. Finke, and P. J. A. Kenis, Electrochem. & Solid-State Lett., 2010, 13 (9), B109-B111 (“the Whipple paper”). First, catalyst inks were prepared as follows:

[0110]For the cathode: 10 mg of silver nanoparticles (Sigma Aldrich) was sonicated into a solution containing 100 μL of water, 100 μL of isopropyl alcohol and 5.6 μL of 5% perfluorosulfonic acid solution (available under the trade designation Nafion, from Ion Power, Inc., New Castle, Del., USA). The resultant catalyst ink was painted on a 1×1.5 cm section of a 2×3 cm piece of carbon paper (Ion Power, Inc.) and dried with a heat lamp.

[0111]The preparation was identical for anode except 4 mg of HiSpec 1000 platinum black (Sigma Adrich) was substituted for the silver.

[0112]Both catalysts were mounted in the flow cell described in the Whipple Paper. Five sccm of CO2 was fed to the anode, and a solution containing 18 m...

specific example 3

High Quality Carbon Monoxide Production Over a Wide Range of Rates

[0114]Example 2 showed that CO could be produced at high rates and selectivities, but when the voltage was decreased, so the rate decreased, the CO2 to hydrogen ratio was less than 20. This could create a problem in clinical systems where there is a need to produce carbon monoxide over a wide range of rates. This example describes a modified design that allows one to produce pure carbon monoxide over a wider range of conditions.

[0115]The apparatus and procedures were the same as in Specific Example 2, except that a Nafion 117 membrane (available from Ion Power, Inc.) was inserted between the cathode and the anode to create separate anode and cathode compartments. The anode compartment contained 100 mM aqueous sulfuric acid flowing at 0.5 ml / min. The cathode compartment contained 18 mol % EMIM-BF4 in water at 0.5 ml / min. A potential was applied to the cell, and the data in FIG. 11 were measured with a gas chromatograph...

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Abstract

A device that can produce carbon monoxide for therapeutic and laboratory applications is disclosed. The device includes and electrochemical cell that converts carbon dioxide or a carbon dioxide containing molecule such as a carbonate or bicarbonate or bicarbonate into carbon monoxide and oxygen. The cell contains additives so pure carbon monoxide is obtained.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)[0001]This application claims priority to and the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application 61 / 540,044, entitled “On Demand Carbon Monoxide Generator for Therapeutic and Other Applications,” filed Sep.28, 2011. This application is related to U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application US 2011 / 0237830 filed Jul. 4, 2010, entitled “Novel Catalyst Mixtures,” which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61 / 317,955 filed Mar. 26, 2010, entitled “Novel Catalyst Mixtures,” and the application is also related to international application WO 2011 / 120021, entitled “Novel Catalyst Mixtures,” filed Mar. 25, 2011, which claims the benefit of both of the above applications. This application is also related to international patent application WO201206240, “Novel Catalyst Mixtures,” filed Jul. 1, 2011, which claims the benefit of above applications US 2011 / 0237830 and WO 2011 / 120021, and which also claims the ben...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C25B9/00
CPCC25B1/00C25B9/00
Inventor MASEL, RICHARD IROSEN, BRIAN A
Owner DIOXIDE MATERIALS
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