128results about How to "Reduce formation rate" patented technology

This invention provides an apparatus and method for analyzing a polynucleotide sequence; either an unknown sequence or a known sequence. A support, e.g. a glass plate, carries an array of the whole or a chosen part of a complete set of oligonucleotides which are capable of taking part in hybridization reactions. The array may comprise one or more pair of oligonucleotides of chosen lengths. The polynucleotide sequence, or fragments thereof, are labelled and applied to the array under hybridizing conditions. Applications include analyses of known point mutations, genomic fingerprinting, linkage analysis, characterization of mRNAs, mRNA populations, and sequence determination.

The invention relates to antibodies, antibody fragments and binding agents that specifically recognize oligomeric tau but do not bind to monomelic tau, fibrillar tau or non-disease associated forms of tau.

A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, having an interim reduced-oxygen Cu-Zn alloy thin film (30) electroplated on a blanket Cu surface (20) disposed in a via (6) by electroplating, using an electroplating apparatus, the Cu surface (20) in a unique chemical solution containing salts of Zn and Cu, their complexing agents, a pH adjuster, and surfactants; and annealing the interim electroplated Cu-Zn alloy thin film (30); filling the via (6) with further Cu (26); annealing and planarizing the interconnect structure (35); and a semiconductor device thereby formed. The reduction of electromigration in copper interconnect lines (35) is achieved by decreasing the drift velocity in the copper line (35) / via (6), thereby decreasing the copper migration rate as well as the void formation rate, by using an interim conformal Cu-rich Cu-Zn alloy thin film (30) electroplated on a Cu surface (20) from a stable chemical solution, and by controlling the Zn-doping thereof, which improves also interconnect reliability and corrosion resistance.

A system and a method for decreasing a rate of slag formation at predetermined locations in a boiler system are provided. The boiler system has a plurality of burners, a plurality of slag detection sensors, a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of CO sensors disposed therein. The system determines locations within the boiler system that have relatively high slag thickness levels utilizing the plurality of slag detection sensors and then adjusts A / F ratios or mass flows of burners affecting those locations, or adds slag reducing additives to the burners affecting those locations, to decrease a rate of slag formation at the locations, utilizing signals from the plurality of slag detection sensor, the plurality of temperature sensors, and the plurality of CO sensors.

An alkenyl-containing polyglycerol derivative is prepared by carrying out ring-opening polymerization of glycidol with a hydroxyl-containing compound in the presence of an alkali catalyst. The hydroxyl-containing compound is represented by following Formula (1): wherein R represents an alkenyl group containing three to five carbon atoms and having a terminal double bond; and “m” denotes 0 or 1. In this process, the ring-opening polymerization is carried out at a concentration of the alkali catalyst of 4 to 20 percent by mole relative to the hydroxyl-containing compound, at an addition reaction temperature of glycidol to the hydroxyl-containing compound of 0° C. to 100° C., in an amount of the glycidol of 1 to 10 moles per 1 mole of the hydroxyl-containing compound.

A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, having a Cu—Zn alloy thin film (30) formed on a Cu surface (20) by electroplating the Cu surface (20) in a unique chemical solution containing salts of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), their complexing agents, a pH adjuster, and surfactants; and a semiconductor device thereby formed. The method controls the parameters of pH, temperature, and time in order to form a uniform Cu—Zn alloy thin film (30) for reducing electromigration in Cu interconnect lines by decreasing the drift velocity therein which decreases the Cu migration rate in addition to decreasing the void formation rate, for improving Cu interconnect reliability, and for increasing corrosion resistance.

A solderable layer has an organic buffer film (OBF) and an immersion tin coating deposited on a substrate. The OBF is first coated on the surface of the substrate to modify the surface of the substrate and having fluorocarbon-based polymers (solution type). The immersion plating solution pass through the OBF and the immersion tin coating is then coated on the substrate. A method to manufacture the solderable layer according to any one of claims 1 to 12 has following steps of (1) coating an organic buffer film (OBF) on a surface of a substrate to form a modified surface, (2) drying the modified surface, (3) applying the substrate into a solution with immersed tin compositions to allow the immersed tin to deposit on the modified surface, (4) rinsing the modified surface with water and (5) drying the substrate.

A rotary machine type shock wave reactor suitable for thermal cracking of hydrocarbon-containing materials includes a casing, a rotor whose periphery contains an axial-flow blade cascade, and a directing rim, provided with at least two stationary vane cascades, adjoining an axial-flow rotor cascade, wherein the casing substantially encloses the periphery of the rotor and the directing rim. The cascades are configured to direct feedstock containing process stream to repeatedly pass the cascades in a helical trajectory while propagating within the duct between the inlet and exit and to generate stationary shock-waves to heat the feedstock. The axial-flow rotor cascade is configured to provide kinetic energy and add velocity to feedstock containing process stream, and the stationary vanes located downstream the rotor cascade are configured to reduce the velocity of the stream and convert kinetic energy into heat. The reactor may also process carbohydrate- and glyceride-based feedstock, and gaseous biomass matter.

The present invention relates to the semiconductor device fabrication industry. More particularly a semiconductor device, having an interim reduced-oxygen Cu—Zn alloy thin film (30) electroplated on a blanket Cu surface (20) disposed in a via (6) by electroplating, using an electroplating apparatus, the Cu surface (20) in a unique chemical solution containing salts of Zn and Cu, their complexing agents, a pH adjuster, and surfactants; and annealing the interim electroplated Cu—Zn alloy thin film (30); filling the via (6) with further Cu (26); annealing and planarizing the interconnect structure (35). The reduction of electromigration in copper interconnect lines (35) is achieved by decreasing the drift velocity in the copper line (35) / via (6), thereby decreasing the copper migration rate as well as the void formation rate, by using an interim conformal Cu-rich Cu—Zn alloy thin film (30) electroplated on a Cu surface (20) from a stable chemical solution, and by controlling the Zn-doping thereof, which improves also interconnect reliability and corrosion resistance.

A method of reducing electromigration in a dual-inlaid copper interconnect line (3) by filling a via (6) with a Cu-rich Cu-Zn alloy (30) electroplated on a Cu surface (200 from a stable chemical solution, and by controlling the Zn-doping thereof, which also improves interconnect reliability and corrosion resistance, and a semiconductor device thereby formed. The method involves using a reduced-oxygen Cu-Zn alloy as fill (30) for the via (6) in forming the dual-inlaid interconnect structure (35). The alloy fill (30) is formed by electroplating the Cu surface (20) in a unique chemical solution containing salts of Zn and Cu, their complexing agents, a pH adjuster, and surfactants, thereby electroplating the fill (30) on the Cu surface (20); and annealing the electroplated Cu-Zn alloy fill (30); and planarizing the Cu-Zn alloy fill (30), thereby forming the dual-inlaid copper interconnect line (35).

A heart septal defect occluder, its main body is a metal support net with a preset expanded shape. It has a left plate at the front end and a right plate at the rear end. There is a head near the center of the left and right plates to seal the metal support net and connect it with the metal support net. The head is turned up inside the closed metal support net, and the outer surface of the turned-up head has no head and no obvious groove, which is almost flat. There is a layer of outflow blocking film on the outer surface of the left disk or the left and right disks, and the flow blocking film is fixedly connected with the outer surface of the left disk. The invention removes the damage of the head to the surrounding tissues of the heart, reduces the way of affecting blood flow, is beneficial to promote the growth of the endothelium, and reduces the formation rate of thrombus and the release of harmful metal elements. Applicable to congenital heart disease including patent foramen ovale (PFO), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), atrial septal defect (ASD) and ventricular septal defect (VSD), etc.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a lithium ion battery silicon oxide composite negative electrode material, the method includes the following steps: (1) weighting a certain amount of silicon oxide SiOx, organic carbon and a graphite oxide precursor raw material for ball milling for 0.5-24 h to fully mix the precursor raw material; and (2) calcining the mixed precursor raw material in a protective atmosphere at 600-1400 DEG C for 0.5-12 h, and performing post-processing to obtain the silicon oxide composite negative electrode material. Through silicon oxide disproportionation, silica nanoparticles are distributed evenly in silicon dioxide, by organic carbon splitting decomposition, carbon coating is obtained, the probability of the formation of a SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film in the material charge and discharge process can be reduced, the material electrochemical cycle stability can be improved, and by addition of graphite, good conductivity and ratio stability performance can be provided for the material. The production process is simple, raw material is cheap and easy to obtain, equipment is general, and mass production is easy.

A system and method for the treatment of kidney disease, either acute or chronic, in a mammal is disclosed. The method addresses the needs of a patient exhibiting fibrosis formation associated with levels of Gal-3 above normal. Removal of Gal-3 may make conventional treatments of kidney disease more effective, and help stabilize or improve the condition allowing avoidance of progression to end stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis or transplant. Depending on the condition of the patient, the treatment may help stabilize patients to avoid hemodialysis and allow the patient to wait until a transplant may be made available. A suitable patient is treated through apheresis where the patient's blood is withdrawn and ex vivo is treated to remove at least ten percent of Gal-3 from the withdrawn blood. Higher levels, and frequent repetition, may be needed to stabilize and / or improve kidney function in a patient sufficient for ongoing management.

The invention relates to an electrode pole piece and an electrochemical device comprising the same. The positive pole piece comprises a positive first region and a positive second region, and the unitarea capacity CsA2 of the positive second region is larger than or equal to the unit area capacity CsA1 of the positive first region. The negative pole piece comprises a negative first region and a negative second region, wherein the unit area capacity CsC2 of the negative second region is smaller than or equal to 98% of the unit area capacity CsC1 of the negative first region. When the positivepole piece and / or the negative pole piece are / or applied to the electrochemical device, the formation of the lithium dendrites can be effectively reduced, and the safety of the electrochemical devicecan be improved.

In a method for the solvent extraction of butadiene from a mixture of hydrocarbons having four carbon atoms per molecule, which method inherently produces tars, the extraction process is operated with a tar loading level, relative to the solvent employed, of no more than about 1.6 wt. %.

The invention discloses a local aluminium surface-back-field solar cell. The local aluminium surface-back-field solar cell includes a crystalline silicon wafer, wherein the back surface of the crystalline silicon wafer is provided with a passivation layer and a back electrode; and the front surface of the crystalline silicon wafer is provided with an emitting electrode, an anti-reflection layer and a front electrode. The local aluminium surface-back-field solar cell is characterized in that a laser open hole or open groove is formed in the passivation layer on the back surface of the crystalline silicon wafer; the laser open hole or open groove is provided with a first layer of local back surface aluminium paste covering the laser open hole or open groove; the first layer of local back surface aluminium paste, the front electrode and the back electrode are formed together through sintering; and a second layer of back surface aluminium paste which processed through high temperature is arranged on the first layer of local back surface aluminium paste. The local aluminium surface-back-field solar cell can greatly reduce the voidage of the local aluminium surface-back-field cell through optimization of aluminium paste printing and the sintering technology so as to solve the problem that black points and black lines appear during the electroluminescent process and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the local aluminium surface-back-field solar cell.

The application relates to an electrode plate and an electrochemical device comprising the same. The electrode plate has a first region and a second region. The electrode plate comprises a substrate and an electrode active substance applied to at least one surface of the substrate. The charge-discharge thickness difference of the electrode plate in the first region is Delta D1, the charge-discharge thickness difference of the electrode plate in the second region is Delta D2, and Delta D1 is smaller than Delta D2. When the electrode plate of the application is applied to the electrochemical device, the formation of lithium dendrite can be reduced, and the safety of the electrochemical device can be improved.

Abstract of the Disclosure This invention provides an apparatus and method for analyzing a polynucleotide sequence; either an unknown sequence or a known sequence. A support, e.g. a glass plate, carries an array of the whole or a chosen part of a complete set of oligonucleotides which are capable of taking part in hybridization reactions. The array may comprise one or more pairs of oligonucleotides of chosen lengths. The polynucleotide sequence, or fragments thereof, are labelled and applied to the array under hybridizing conditions. Applications include analyses of known point mutations, genomic fingerprinting, linkage analysis, characterization of mRNAs, mRNA populations, and sequence determination.

A system, method, and article of manufacture for reducing the rate of fuel vapor formation within a fuel storage tank include a plurality of discrete independent floating particles or elements to reduce exposed evaporative surface area of fuel in the fuel storage tank while conforming to a changing fuel tank cross-section as fuel level changes. The elements or particles may have a self-tessellating geometry to facilitate formation of a single or multi-layer barrier or cover and be made or coated with a material that resists fuel wetting and degradation, such as a highly fluorinated polymer including polytetrafluoroethylene.

The invention provides good-surface high-impact PA (Polyamide) / POK (Polyketone) alloy and a preparation method thereof. A preparation raw material of the good-surface high-impact PA / POK alloy is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 47.5 to 67.5 parts of PA, 10 to 15 parts of POK, 3 to 5 parts of a compatilizer, 25 to 35 parts of fiberglass, 1 to 2 parts of a staining compound,0.3 to 0.5 part of an antioxidant and 0.5 to 1.5 parts of a lubricant, wherein the PA is a mixture of PA66 resin and PA66 / 6 resin, and a mass ratio of the PA66 resin to the PA66 / 6 resin in the mixtureis (1.4 to 2.5):1. In a formula of the raw material of the good-surface high-impact PA / POK alloy provided by the invention, due to the introduction of a PA66 / 6 copolymer PA system, the defects that afiberglass enhanced product is relatively serious in surface fiber floating and fast in crystallization can be overcome, the surface effect can be improved to a large extent under the situation thatthe temperature-resistant advantage of PA66 is not reduced, and meanwhile, the impact strength of the alloy can also be increased under the matching use of the POK.

The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) that are useful for binding and / or modulating the biological activity of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R). Compounds of this invention can be used to treat diseases and / or conditions in which modulation of MC1R is beneficial. Such diseases and / or conditions include, but are not limited to, hyperpigmentation (including melasma), hypopigmentation (including vitiligo), melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, erythropoietic protoporphyria, polymorphous light eruption, solar urticaria, photosensitivity, sunburn, inflammatory diseases, aberrant fibroblast activity and pain.

A surface coating layer, in contact with a surface of a base material of a heat exchanger, comprises a plurality of composite layers comprising a first layer contacting a surface of the base material, the first layer comprising a first matrix and a first nanobody, and a second layer contacting a surface of the first layer and having an interface with the air, where the first layer and the second layer each include a different amount by volume of the first nanobody and the second nanobody, respectively.

The present invention relates to a stable parenteral composition of oxaliplatin having pH range in between 3 to 4.5, which comprises of a solution of oxaliplatin in water wherein the said pH is attained by sparging of carbon dioxide in the composition. Further, a method for the preparation of oxaliplatin composition of the present invention is also disclosed.

The present invention provides an apparatus for weather modification. The apparatus comprises an emitter electrode (21), means for providing the emitter electrode (21) with an electric charge, electrically coupled to the emitter electrode (21), an insulating support for supporting the emitter electrode (21) at a predetermined height, and means for earthing the apparatus. The emitter electrode (21) comprises a Malter film. According to another aspect of the present invention an apparatus for weather modification is provided, which comprises a lighter-than-air craft suitable for carrying an emitter electrode (21), means for providing the emitter electrode (21) with an electric charge, electrically coupled to the emitter electrode (21), and means for earthing the apparatus. According to still a further aspect of the present invention, a method of increasing the amount of precipitation in a target region is provided. The method comprises the steps of providing an emitter electrode (21), analyzing the meteorological situation in and / or close to the target region, and providing the emitter electrode (21) with an electric charge in response to the meteorological analysis, thereby causing the emitter electrode (21) to ionize the vicinity of the emitter electrode.

A device that can produce carbon monoxide for therapeutic and laboratory applications is disclosed. The device includes and electrochemical cell that converts carbon dioxide or a carbon dioxide containing molecule such as a carbonate or bicarbonate or bicarbonate into carbon monoxide and oxygen. The cell contains additives so pure carbon monoxide is obtained.

In a method for the solvent extraction of butadiene from a mixture of hydrocarbons having four carbon atoms per molecule, which method inherently produces tars, the extraction process is operated with a tar loading level, relative to the solvent employed, of no more than about 1.6 wt. %.

The invention provides a formation method of a transistor, which comprises the steps of providing a transistor, forming a pseudo gate structure on the substrate, forming a source region and a drain region in the substrate at two sides of the pseudo gate structure, forming an interlayer dielectric layer, which is flush with the pseudo gate structure, on the substrate, removing the pseudo gate structure and forming an opening from which part of the substrate is exposed, forming a hafnium-based high-dielectric layer at the bottom of the opening so as to act as a gate dielectric layer, carrying out first annealing, wherein an oxygen-containing gas is charged in the process of the first annealing, and carrying out second annealing, wherein hydrogen is charged in the process of the second annealing. In the first annealing, oxygen ions supplement oxygen vacancies in the hafnium-based high-dielectric layer, and the number of traps caused by the oxygen vacancies is reduced; and in the second annealing, hydrogen ions supplement an interface between the gate dielectric layer and the substrate, and the number of traps caused by an interface state defect is reduced, thereby being capable of optimizing the performance of the transistor.

The invention discloses a low-air-entraining delayed coagulation type polycarboxylate superplasticizer. The composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.5-1.2 parts of macromonomer, 0.1-0.3 part of acrylic acid, 0.05-0.2 part of sodium methallyl sulfonate, 0.01-0.035 part of 2-(2-hydroxyethyl) methacrylate phosphate ester, 0.002-0.005 part of silane modified graphene, 0.00015-0.0002 part of ammonium persulfate, 0.0001-0.0002 part of a neutralizer and 3-6 parts of water. The low-air-entraining delayed coagulation type polycarboxylate superplasticizer has advantages of favorable dispersity, favorable plasticity retention, high water reducing rate, effective reduction of gas introduction and favorable delayed coagulation effect under the condition of lower doping amount.The silane modified graphene is added so that the bonding effect among the components is better in the reaction process, gaps among molecules after reaction are smaller and the gas content is lower.

The present invention provides: a steel for a welded structure to be used for a crude oil tank that exhibits excellent general and local corrosion resistance in crude oil corrosion caused in a steel oil tank and is capable of suppressing the formation of corrosion products (sludge) containing solid sulfur; a method for producing said steel; a crude oil tank; and a method for preventing a crude oil tank against corrosion. The present invention makes it possible to obtain general and local corrosion resistance in a crude oil tank environment and suppress the formation of corrosion products (sludge) containing solid sulfur by using a steel: containing, in mass, 0.001 to 0.2% C, 0.01 to 2.5% Si, 0.1 to 2% Mn, 0.03% or less P, 0.007% or less S, 0.01 to 1.5% Cu, 0.001 to 0.3% Al, 0.001 to 0.01% N as basic components and, further, 0.01 to 0.2% Mo and / or 0.01 to 0.5% W; and preferably satisfying the following expression;Solute Mo+Solute W≧0.005%.