128results about How to "Reduce formation rate" patented technology

This invention provides an apparatus and method for analyzing a polynucleotide sequence; either an unknown sequence or a known sequence. A support, e.g. a glass plate, carries an array of the whole or a chosen part of a complete set of oligonucleotides which are capable of taking part in hybridization reactions. The array may comprise one or more pair of oligonucleotides of chosen lengths. The polynucleotide sequence, or fragments thereof, are labelled and applied to the array under hybridizing conditions. Applications include analyses of known point mutations, genomic fingerprinting, linkage analysis, characterization of mRNAs, mRNA populations, and sequence determination.

A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, having an interim reduced-oxygen Cu-Zn alloy thin film (30) electroplated on a blanket Cu surface (20) disposed in a via (6) by electroplating, using an electroplating apparatus, the Cu surface (20) in a unique chemical solution containing salts of Zn and Cu, their complexing agents, a pH adjuster, and surfactants; and annealing the interim electroplated Cu-Zn alloy thin film (30); filling the via (6) with further Cu (26); annealing and planarizing the interconnect structure (35); and a semiconductor device thereby formed. The reduction of electromigration in copper interconnect lines (35) is achieved by decreasing the drift velocity in the copper line (35)/via (6), thereby decreasing the copper migration rate as well as the void formation rate, by using an interim conformal Cu-rich Cu-Zn alloy thin film (30) electroplated on a Cu surface (20) from a stable chemical solution, and by controlling the Zn-doping thereof, which improves also interconnect reliability and corrosion resistance.

A system and a method for decreasing a rate of slag formation at predetermined locations in a boiler system are provided. The boiler system has a plurality of burners, a plurality of slag detection sensors, a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of CO sensors disposed therein. The system determines locations within the boiler system that have relatively high slag thickness levels utilizing the plurality of slag detection sensors and then adjusts A/F ratios or mass flows of burners affecting those locations, or adds slag reducing additives to the burners affecting those locations, to decrease a rate of slag formation at the locations, utilizing signals from the plurality of slag detection sensor, the plurality of temperature sensors, and the plurality of CO sensors.

An alkenyl-containing polyglycerol derivative is prepared by carrying out ring-opening polymerization of glycidol with a hydroxyl-containing compound in the presence of an alkali catalyst. The hydroxyl-containing compound is represented by following Formula (1):

wherein R represents an alkenyl group containing three to five carbon atoms and having a terminal double bond; and “m” denotes 0 or 1. In this process, the ring-opening polymerization is carried out at a concentration of the alkali catalyst of 4 to 20 percent by mole relative to the hydroxyl-containing compound, at an addition reaction temperature of glycidol to the hydroxyl-containing compound of 0° C. to 100° C., in an amount of the glycidol of 1 to 10 moles per 1 mole of the hydroxyl-containing compound.

A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, having a Cu—Zn alloy thin film (30) formed on a Cu surface (20) by electroplating the Cu surface (20) in a unique chemical solution containing salts of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), their complexing agents, a pH adjuster, and surfactants; and a semiconductor device thereby formed. The method controls the parameters of pH, temperature, and time in order to form a uniform Cu—Zn alloy thin film (30) for reducing electromigration in Cu interconnect lines by decreasing the drift velocity therein which decreases the Cu migration rate in addition to decreasing the void formation rate, for improving Cu interconnect reliability, and for increasing corrosion resistance.

A solderable layer has an organic buffer film (OBF) and an immersion tin coating deposited on a substrate. The OBF is first coated on the surface of the substrate to modify the surface of the substrate and having fluorocarbon-based polymers (solution type). The immersion plating solution pass through the OBF and the immersion tin coating is then coated on the substrate. A method to manufacture the solderable layer according to any one of claims 1 to 12 has following steps of (1) coating an organic buffer film (OBF) on a surface of a substrate to form a modified surface, (2) drying the modified surface, (3) applying the substrate into a solution with immersed tin compositions to allow the immersed tin to deposit on the modified surface, (4) rinsing the modified surface with water and (5) drying the substrate.

A rotary machine type shock wave reactor suitable for thermal cracking of hydrocarbon-containing materials includes a casing, a rotor whose periphery contains an axial-flow blade cascade, and a directing rim, provided with at least two stationary vane cascades, adjoining an axial-flow rotor cascade, wherein the casing substantially encloses the periphery of the rotor and the directing rim. The cascades are configured to direct feedstock containing process stream to repeatedly pass the cascades in a helical trajectory while propagating within the duct between the inlet and exit and to generate stationary shock-waves to heat the feedstock. The axial-flow rotor cascade is configured to provide kinetic energy and add velocity to feedstock containing process stream, and the stationary vanes located downstream the rotor cascade are configured to reduce the velocity of the stream and convert kinetic energy into heat. The reactor may also process carbohydrate- and glyceride-based feedstock, and gaseous biomass matter.

A method of reducing electromigration in a dual-inlaid copper interconnect line (3) by filling a via (6) with a Cu-rich Cu-Zn alloy (30) electroplated on a Cu surface (200 from a stable chemical solution, and by controlling the Zn-doping thereof, which also improves interconnect reliability and corrosion resistance, and a semiconductor device thereby formed. The method involves using a reduced-oxygen Cu-Zn alloy as fill (30) for the via (6) in forming the dual-inlaid interconnect structure (35). The alloy fill (30) is formed by electroplating the Cu surface (20) in a unique chemical solution containing salts of Zn and Cu, their complexing agents, a pH adjuster, and surfactants, thereby electroplating the fill (30) on the Cu surface (20); and annealing the electroplated Cu-Zn alloy fill (30); and planarizing the Cu-Zn alloy fill (30), thereby forming the dual-inlaid copper interconnect line (35).

The invention discloses a preparation method of a lithium ion battery silicon oxide composite negative electrode material, the method includes the following steps: (1) weighting a certain amount of silicon oxide SiOx, organic carbon and a graphite oxide precursor raw material for ball milling for 0.5-24 h to fully mix the precursor raw material; and (2) calcining the mixed precursor raw material in a protective atmosphere at 600-1400 DEG C for 0.5-12 h, and performing post-processing to obtain the silicon oxide composite negative electrode material. Through silicon oxide disproportionation, silica nanoparticles are distributed evenly in silicon dioxide, by organic carbon splitting decomposition, carbon coating is obtained, the probability of the formation of a SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film in the material charge and discharge process can be reduced, the material electrochemical cycle stability can be improved, and by addition of graphite, good conductivity and ratio stability performance can be provided for the material. The production process is simple, raw material is cheap and easy to obtain, equipment is general, and mass production is easy.

A system and method for the treatment of kidney disease, either acute or chronic, in a mammal is disclosed. The method addresses the needs of a patient exhibiting fibrosis formation associated with levels of Gal-3 above normal. Removal of Gal-3 may make conventional treatments of kidney disease more effective, and help stabilize or improve the condition allowing avoidance of progression to end stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis or transplant. Depending on the condition of the patient, the treatment may help stabilize patients to avoid hemodialysis and allow the patient to wait until a transplant may be made available. A suitable patient is treated through apheresis where the patient's blood is withdrawn and ex vivo is treated to remove at least ten percent of Gal-3 from the withdrawn blood. Higher levels, and frequent repetition, may be needed to stabilize and/or improve kidney function in a patient sufficient for ongoing management.

In a method for the solvent extraction of butadiene from a mixture of hydrocarbons having four carbon atoms per molecule, which method inherently produces tars, the extraction process is operated with a tar loading level, relative to the solvent employed, of no more than about 1.6 wt. %.

Abstract of the Disclosure

This invention provides an apparatus and method for analyzing a polynucleotide sequence; either an unknown sequence or a known sequence. A support, e.g. a glass plate, carries an array of the whole or a chosen part of a complete set of oligonucleotides which are capable of taking part in hybridization reactions. The array may comprise one or more pairs of oligonucleotides of chosen lengths. The polynucleotide sequence, or fragments thereof, are labelled and applied to the array under hybridizing conditions. Applications include analyses of known point mutations, genomic fingerprinting, linkage analysis, characterization of mRNAs, mRNA populations, and sequence determination.

The invention discloses a wastewater processing method of hydrolysis-acidification enhanced by addition of zero-valent iron (ZVI), including the following steps: 3˜6 ZVI-filling layers are settled in the middle of an anaerobic hydrolysis-acidification reactor. Excess sludge taken from sewage treatment plant using as seed sludge is added into this anaerobic hydrolysis-acidification reactor for startup and domestication. In the present invention, ZVI are added into this anaerobic hydrolysis-acidification reactor to accelerate organic matters degradation and produce more acetic acids, accompanied with higher COD removal obtained. ZVI can be protected from rust in this anaerobic biological environment due to the air isolation. Also, ZVI can enhance anaerobic hydrolysis of wastewater through reducing refractory pollutants involved in wastewaters. This novel method made the effluent from the hydrolysis-acidification reactor present less COD concentration and simpler substrate form, benefiting for the following anaerobic methanogenesis or aerobic treatment.

A system, method, and article of manufacture for reducing the rate of fuel vapor formation within a fuel storage tank include a plurality of discrete independent floating particles or elements to reduce exposed evaporative surface area of fuel in the fuel storage tank while conforming to a changing fuel tank cross-section as fuel level changes. The elements or particles may have a self-tessellating geometry to facilitate formation of a single or multi-layer barrier or cover and be made or coated with a material that resists fuel wetting and degradation, such as a highly fluorinated polymer including polytetrafluoroethylene.

The invention provides good-surface high-impact PA (Polyamide)/POK (Polyketone) alloy and a preparation method thereof. A preparation raw material of the good-surface high-impact PA/POK alloy is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 47.5 to 67.5 parts of PA, 10 to 15 parts of POK, 3 to 5 parts of a compatilizer, 25 to 35 parts of fiberglass, 1 to 2 parts of a staining compound,0.3 to 0.5 part of an antioxidant and 0.5 to 1.5 parts of a lubricant, wherein the PA is a mixture of PA66 resin and PA66/6 resin, and a mass ratio of the PA66 resin to the PA66/6 resin in the mixtureis (1.4 to 2.5):1. In a formula of the raw material of the good-surface high-impact PA/POK alloy provided by the invention, due to the introduction of a PA66/6 copolymer PA system, the defects that afiberglass enhanced product is relatively serious in surface fiber floating and fast in crystallization can be overcome, the surface effect can be improved to a large extent under the situation thatthe temperature-resistant advantage of PA66 is not reduced, and meanwhile, the impact strength of the alloy can also be increased under the matching use of the POK.

The present invention relates to a stable parenteral composition of oxaliplatin having pH range in between 3 to 4.5, which comprises of a solution of oxaliplatin in water wherein the said pH is attained by sparging of carbon dioxide in the composition. Further, a method for the preparation of oxaliplatin composition of the present invention is also disclosed.

The present invention provides an apparatus for weather modification. The apparatus comprises an emitter electrode (21), means for providing the emitter electrode (21) with an electric charge, electrically coupled to the emitter electrode (21), an insulating support for supporting the emitter electrode (21) at a predetermined height, and means for earthing the apparatus. The emitter electrode (21) comprises a Malter film. According to another aspect of the present invention an apparatus for weather modification is provided, which comprises a lighter-than-air craft suitable for carrying an emitter electrode (21), means for providing the emitter electrode (21) with an electric charge, electrically coupled to the emitter electrode (21), and means for earthing the apparatus. According to still a further aspect of the present invention, a method of increasing the amount of precipitation in a target region is provided. The method comprises the steps of providing an emitter electrode (21), analyzing the meteorological situation in and/or close to the target region, and providing the emitter electrode (21) with an electric charge in response to the meteorological analysis, thereby causing the emitter electrode (21) to ionize the vicinity of the emitter electrode.

A device that can produce carbon monoxide for therapeutic and laboratory applications is disclosed. The device includes and electrochemical cell that converts carbon dioxide or a carbon dioxide containing molecule such as a carbonate or bicarbonate or bicarbonate into carbon monoxide and oxygen. The cell contains additives so pure carbon monoxide is obtained.