The invention relates to the field of lithium ion batteries, and discloses preparation and application of a lithium battery negative electrode protective layer lithium polymethylallyl sulfonate aiming at the problem that an existing lithium battery is lack of an excellent lithium battery negative electrode protective layer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving methallyl sulfonic acid in water, adding a lithium hydroxide aqueous solution for reaction under the conditions of ice bath and nitrogen, after the reaction is finished, adding diluted hydrochloric acid until a solid is separated out, fully conducting stirring, conducting filtering, and collecting the solid to obtain lithium methallyl sulfonate; and (2) carrying out heating reaction on lithium methallyl sulfonate, triethyl aluminum and a solid catalyst, adding acidified ethanol to terminate the reaction, conducting filtering, and conducting drying to obtain the lithium polymethallyl sulfonate. The lithium negative electrode is spin-coated with a lithium polymethallyl sulfonate functional protection layer, so that the cycle performance of the lithium battery is effectively improved, the loss of active substances caused by corrosion reaction of electrochemical reaction products and the lithium metal negative electrode is reduced, the growth of lithium dendrites is prevented, the cycle performance of the lithium battery is improved, and the service life of the lithium battery is prolonged.