Two-section type waste incinerator

Abstract

It is disclosed a two-section type waste incinerator, wherein secondary air supplying holes (27e) are provided on a front arch and a back arch of an incinerator body (27), and an ignition combustion-supporting hole (27f) is provided on the back arch of the incinerator body. Grate inside the incinerator body (27) is divided into two sections from a high point to a low point, i.e., an upper section and a lower section, the upper section is a pusher type section (6) and the lower section is a reverse pusher type section (7), and an independent primary air chamber (26) is provided under each section. All heads of the grate-pieces (3, 5) on the pusher type section (6) face toward a low point of the grate, and all heads of the grate-pieces (3, 5) on the reverse pusher type section (7) face toward a high point of the grate. Each movable beam (4) on the same section of the grate is equipped with left and right levers (24, 25) disposed side by side, the left and right levers (24, 25) are supported by a supporting roller device respectively and are connected to the movable beam (4) to form a lever frame, and an end of the lever frame is connected to a front swing arm driving mechanism or a lateral swing arm driving mechanism or a front straight driving mechanism. The incinerator of the present invention can realize sufficient dryness, complete combustion and burnout of the whole waste layer, and ensure the desired waste incineration effect and ignition loss.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention belongs to a field of solid waste incineration processing technology, in particular relates to a municipal solid waste incinerator or namely a municipal household waste incinerator.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]The existing waste processing technologies mainly include incineration, sanitary landfill, compost, waste recycling, etc. In these common waste processing technologies, the incineration process has the advantages of reducing the gross of the waste remarkably, being harmless thoroughly, occupying small land, utilizing waste heat and minimizing secondary pollution, etc., which comply with the strategy of sustainable development of our country.[0003]In the existing incineration processes and devices, there are various forms of grate-typed incinerators, the application of which occupies more than 80% of the total amount of waste incineration market all over the world. In one type of incinerator, all grates in the incinerator bo...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The invention is a new type of solid waste incinerator that has three main stages of dryness, combustion, and burnout. The incinerator has a material push portion, a two-section grate system, primary air chambers, and secondary air supplying devices. It also has smoke detection sampling holes for analysis and detection. This new incinerator is designed to feed waste continuously and evenly, control the movement of the waste on the grate, and independently control air flow, pressure, and secondary air supply at each air chamber. It achieves sufficient dryness, complete combustion, and burnout of all waste layers, ensuring the desired incineration effect and ignition loss. Additionally, the new incinerator requires fewer specific parts, uses interchangeable wearing parts, and is cost-effective to manufacture and maintain.

Problems solved by technology

Second, in the drying stage, the bottom layer waste may stick to the surfaces of the grates locally and thereby block primary air holes on the grates and affect air supplying, in particular on dryness, and prolong drying time, delay ignition to combustion of the waste, increase the residence time of the waste inside the incinerator in the whole process, which will directly affect the incineration process inside the incinerator.

The existing problems of this type of incinerator are listed as follows: first, in order to ensure the residence time of the waste inside the incinerator, the areas of the grates are signed to be larger or the strokes of the grates are designed to be longer, thereby the height or length of the incinerator are increased and the cost is increased.

Second, the grates and the waste material layers move in the same direction, when the waste material layers are higher, the relative height difference between adjacent grates is lower or the relative stroke is shorter, the moving waste is almost presented in a state of relatively stationary, thereby a poor effect on agitation and mixture is obtained, and the waste is not fully dried and can not be fully combusted resulting in inefficient combustion and low combustion efficiency, which is difficult to meet the requirement of clinker ignition loss.

Third, meanwhile, prior to be evaporated, the leachate in the waste layers is pushed to flow forward by the grates, thereby the drying time of the waste is increased, all the leachate, which is not gathered in time, is evaporated to be changed into vapor inside the incinerator, which increases the water content in the smoke, thereby affects the incineration process.

The waste is delayed of igniting to combustion, thereby the residence time of the waste inside the incinerator in the whole process is increased and it greatly affects the incineration process.

Fifth, the grates stop during a part of time in the periodically control mode, if the time is too long, then the grates are likely to be burned out at the lower position of the material layer, whereas the upper position of the material layer is not fully dried and difficult to be completely incinerated, if the time is too short, then it cannot ensure the residence time inside the incinerator, which will result in low combustion efficiency, in both cases, it is difficult to meet the requirement of clinker ignition loss.

Sixth, if the waste incinerator is divided to too many sections, then the complexity of the mechanism is increased, thereby the failure rate and the cost are higher, and it brings a higher requirement for the algorithm of the control system.

The existing problems of this kind of grate-typed incinerator are listed as follows: first, for the solid waste in our country having the characteristics of high water content and complex ingredients, etc., the conveying capacity of the reverse pusher type grates to the waste is weaker, in particular in the process of waste drying, there are the same problems as the whole reverse pusher type grates.

Second, in the burnout stage with the pusher type grates, the waste is basically incinerated to clinker, most of which is clinker with a very small size, and with the development of the burnout stage, the clinker content increases until it reaches the requirement of clinker ignition loss, i.e., the movement of the horizontal pusher type grates conveys very small sized clinker, which is very likely to enter into a subjacent primary air chamber through gaps between the grates or primary air holes, thereby the air chamber discharges a plenty of clinker, which is unfavorable to the collection and unified treatment of the clinker.

Third, the clinker or ash may enter a movement mechanism part inside the primary air chamber, which will cause severe abrasion wear to kinematic pairs, thereby affect normal operation of the mechanism, and the clinker may gather at a fixed board or a fixed beam, thereby affect the function of the primary air to pass through the material layers and enter into the incinerator to assist the combustion and burnout of the waste.

1. For the solid waste in our country having the characteristics of high water content and complex ingredients, etc., the conveying capacity of the reverse pusher type grates to the waste is relatively weak, in particular in the drying stage, the waste material layer is very likely to coagulate into masses or cakes and sticks to the surfaces of the grates, thereby affects the drying process and the conveyance of the waste;

2. In the reverse pusher type grates, in the drying stage, the bottom layer waste may stick to the surfaces of the grates locally and thereby block primary air holes on the grates, prolong drying time, increase the residence time of the waste inside the incinerator in the whole process, which will directly affect the incineration process inside the incinerator;

3. Because a material pusher continuously feeds material to the incinerator, in the drying stage, the upper layer waste is extruded to be conveyed forward, whereas the bottom layer waste is conveyed relatively slowly, therefore, the moving velocity of the upper layer waste and the bottom layer waste are obviously different;

4. In order to ensure the residence time of the waste inside the incinerator, the areas of the grates are signed to be larger or the strokes of the grates are designed to be longer, thereby the height or length of the incinerator are increased and the cost is increased;

5. The pusher type grates and the waste material layers move in the same direction, when the waste material layers are higher, the relative height difference between adjacent grates is lower or the relative stroke is shorter, the moving waste is almost presented in a state of relatively stationary, thereby a poor effect on agitation and mixture is obtained, the waste is not fully dried and can not be fully combusted resulting in inefficient combustion and low combustion efficiency, which is difficult to meet the requirement of clinker ignition loss;

6. Prior to being evaporated, the leachate in the waste layers is pushed to flow forward by the pusher type grates, thereby the drying time of the waste is increased, all the leachate, which is not gathered in time, is evaporated to be changed into vapor inside the incinerator, which increases the water content in the smoke, thereby affects the incineration process;

7. For the pusher type grates, the incineration process controls the movement of the grates in a periodically control mode. For the solid waste in our country having the characteristics of high water content and complex ingredients etc., the time change on stopping and moving is greater and the process parameters are regulated at relative high frequency, so the incineration process parameters need to be regulated when the incinerator is used in different regions and the control method also needs to be adjusted correspondingly;

8. The grates stop during a part of time in the periodically control mode, if the time is too long, then the grates are likely to be burned out at the lower position of the material layer, whereas the upper position of the material layer is not fully dried and difficult to be completely incinerated, if the time is too short, then it can not ensure the residence time inside the incinerator, which will result in low combustion efficiency, in both cases, it is difficult to meet the requirement of clinker ignition loss;

9. If the waste incinerator is divided to too many sections, then the complexity of the mechanism is increased, thereby the failure rate and the cost are higher, and it brings a higher requirement for the algorithm of the control system;

Furthermore, the clinker or ash may enter a movement mechanism part inside the primary air chamber, which will cause severe abrasion wear to kinematic pairs, thereby affect normal operation of the mechanism, and the clinker may gather at a fixed board or a fixed beam, thereby affect the function of the primary air to pass through the material layers and enter into the incinerator to assist the combustion and burnout of the waste.

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