The present invention relates to charging and discharging methods of a
lithium ion battery with a high capacity
retention rate, which comprise the following steps: (1) when a number of turns is n, the negative and positive electrodes of the
lithium ion battery are only charged; after the charging is finished, a third
electrode and a fourth
electrode are discharged with controlled current, wherein the controlled current is 0.05 - 10 A; (2) after standing for 1 hour, the fourth
electrode is connected in parallel with the negative electrode of the
lithium ion battery to perform the
discharge with the positive electrode of the
lithium ion battery; (3) common
charge and discharge between the positive and negative electrodes of the
lithium ion battery occur at the (n + 1) th and subsequent turns; (4) the common
charge and discharge are continued until the next conditional number of turns, and steps (1) - (4) are repeated; and (5) when the number of cycles reaches the specified number of turns, the charging and discharging methods are finished; n is the conditional number of turns, which is selected from the next turn every time the
discharge capacity is attenuated by 0.2 - 1%. The charging and discharging methods can release active lithium according to the self-demand of each
battery cell or
battery pack, so as to facilitate the capacity
retention rate.