Split type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the laser material processing technical field and is a multi-layer concentric conic cylinder, which consists of an internal conic cylinder, which comprises an optical path passage, a powder path passage, a protection gas passage, a cooling water path passage, all of which are coaxial, a middle conic cylinder, an external conic cylinder, a cooling water baffle, and a nozzle. The cooling water path comprises an internal conic cooling water path and an external cooling water path. The present invention is provided with the advantages of the simultaneous cooling of three conic cylinders, the flexible and convenient vertical unloading, the initiative homogenization of the powder flow, the flexible adjustment of the light spot diameter, the replaceable internal conic head, the laser reflection resistance of the end section, the recyclable powder, and so on. Moreover, the present invention is applicable in laser cladding, laser alloying, laser hardening, laser welding, and other occasions.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of laser material processing, in particular to the structure design of a coaxial powder feeding nozzle for laser cladding. Laser processing is a new type of processing method using high-energy laser beams, and it is a contemporary advanced material processing method. Laser processing has many obvious advantages over conventional processing methods, and its application range is also very wide, such as: laser surface treatment (laser phase transformation hardening, laser remelting, laser alloying, laser cladding, laser microprocessing, laser surface roughening, etc.) Chemical), laser welding, laser cutting, laser drilling, laser marking, laser micromachining, etc. Laser cladding refers to the surface coating method that not only changes the microstructure of the surface layer of the material but also changes its composition by adding metal elements or alloys while melting the local surface of the material with ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

It is mainly connected to the laser cladding working head through threads. Since the coaxial nozzle contains many pipelines such as powder, gas and water, these pipelines are often entangled when rotating and loading and unloading. All pipelines must be pulled out first, and then installed after they are in place. Back, it is extremely inconvenient to use: (2) The 4-way vertical powder feeding method along the circumference adopted by the existing coaxial nozzle makes the powder density high at the entrance and low in other places, and the initial distribution of the powder flow is uneven, while The powder channel of the nozzle is often short, so the uniformity of the powder flow at the outlet of the nozzle is relatively poor, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of precise and uniform coaxial powder feeding: (3) the existing coaxial nozzles often only water-cool the outer cone end of the nozzle , and the inner cone is not directly cooled, but when the nozzle is working for a long time, because the inner cone is closest to the high-energy laser beam and powder flow, the inner cone tends to heat and heat up the fastest under the action of reflected light, and is the easiest to burn out. Once the local heat deformation will change the uniformity of the powder flow, in severe cases, the local melting will block the adjacent powder flow channel and cause the failure of the coaxial nozzle; therefore, the priority cooling of the inner cone is extremely important for the long-term effective operation of the nozzle; (4) Most of the existing coaxial nozzle heads adopt a conical structure

Some adopt the structure of small horizontal baffles at the end, none of which have the function of reusing the reflected laser beam and reflected powder

(5) The existing nozzle itself does not have the ability to adjust the diameter of the focal spot

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