The invention relates to a process for preparing uropium-doped yttrium oxide @ silicon dioxide bean-shaped nano-cables, which belongs to the technical field of nano-material preparation. The process includes three steps: (1) preparing spinning liquor; (2) preparing (PVP + rare-earth nitrate) @ (PVP + tetraethoxysilane) recombination nano-cables; (3) preparing Y2O3 @ SiO2 or Y2O3: Eu3 + @SiO2 bean-shaped nano-cables. The first step includes: adding a certain amount of mixed liquor(volume ratio is 5:1) including polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and glycerol into the rare-earth nitrate; stirring the mixed liquor for 4-6 hours with a magnetic force under room temperature; standing the mixed liquor for 2-3 hours to obtain core layer spinning liquor, wherein mass percentage includes that the PVP is 9%, the rare-earth nitrate is 8%, the DMF is 65% and the glycerol is 18%; mixing a certain amount of mixed liquor ( volume ratio is 4:1) including the PVP, absolute ethyl alcohol and the tetraethoxysilane, stirring the mixed liquor with the magnetic force for 3-6 hours, and standing the mixed liquor to obtain shell layer spinning liquor, wherein the mass percentage includes that the PVP is 12%, the tetraethoxysilane is 20% and the ethyl alcohol is 68%. The second step includes that coaxial electrostatic spinning technology is adopted, and parameters include: coaxial nozzles are formed by adopting a 10# stainless steel injection needle after being cut flat (outer diameter=1.0 millimeter, inner diameter=0.7 millimeter) as an inner nozzle needle and adopting a 12# stainless steel needle head (outer diameter=1.4 millimeters, inner diameter=1.2 millimeters) as an outer nozzle needle. Further, the two nozzle needles are sleeved and fixed, the prepared shell layer spinning liquor is placed in an outer pipe of a coaxial spinning device, the core layer spinning liquor is added in an inner pipe.