The invention discloses a central power output and rear power output device of a tractor, which is controlled by adopting a hydraulic controlled type power output clutch, has reasonable design and simple and direct structure and comprises a power input shaft, a power output clutch, a hydraulic control valve, a rear axle shell, a power transmission shaft, a transmission gear set, a rear power output shaft, a central power output shaft and a rear power output shift operating device. The hydraulic controlled power output clutch is adopted to eliminate the inertia force generated when a driven farm machinery is separated, and the power output clutch is internally provided with a special braking component, so once the power output clutch is separated, the braking element can come into play so as to enable the power output shaft to rapidly stop rotation, thus preventing the power output shaft from being damaged while lifting. Therefore, the central power output and rear power output device can meet the structural requirement on the tractor to be matched with various farm machinery, favorably solves the key technology of central power output of the tractor and improves the complete machine performance and application scope of the tractor.