Phase variation electrolyte as well as preparation method and application thereof

An electrolyte and phase transition technology, applied in the field of materials, can solve the problems of lithium storage capacity attenuation, thermal instability, energy loss, etc., and achieve the effects of low self-discharge rate, high self-discharge rate, and reduced impedance.

Active Publication Date: 2009-12-09
INST OF PHYSICS - CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

In "Journal of Electrochemistry (J.Electrochem.Soc)" 2001, No. 148, page 1100 and "Chemical Review" (Chemical Review) 2004, No. 104, pages 4303-4417 disclosed that LiPF 6 There are two significant shortcomings in the electrolyte as a lithium salt: (1) thermal instability, the reason is that in the solution, the anion PF 6 - There is an equilibrium: LiPF 6 →LiF+PF 5 (I), and LiF belongs to strong Lewis acid, it and PF 5 Both tend to react with organic solvents and cause the equilibrium to go to the right; (2) At the same time, the P-F bond is very sensitive to water, even a trace amount of water will trigger the following reaction: LiPF 6 +H 2 O→POF 3 +LiF+2HF(II), PF 5 +H 2 O→POF 3 +2HF(III), the HF produced by formula (II) and formula (III) will promote the dissolution of the positive electrode material, making its lithium storage capacity gradually decay
[0005] At the same time, for the current lithium-ion energy storage battery, the use of liquid organic electrolyte has a certain self-discharge rate in the process of storing energy, which is easy to cause energy loss

Method used

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  • Phase variation electrolyte as well as preparation method and application thereof
  • Phase variation electrolyte as well as preparation method and application thereof
  • Phase variation electrolyte as well as preparation method and application thereof

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0043] Put the dry beaker of LBOB and acetamide into the glove box after drying. The water content is less than 1ppm. Weigh 20g of LBOB and 80g of acetamide in the beaker, slowly heat to 80°C to melt, and then stir with a magnetic stirrer for 1 -5 hours, it becomes a transparent liquid, and after natural cooling, it becomes a white waxy solid to obtain the required phase transition electrolyte. Its thermal properties were measured with a thermogravimetric analyzer NETSCHSTA 449C. The melting point was 50°C, and the melting point was the phase transition temperature point.

[0044] After melting the electrolyte, put it into a glass conductivity cell with stainless steel electrodes at both ends, and use HP4192 impedance spectrometer to measure its conductivity in the range of 5Hz-13MHz. The measured conductivity at 25°C is 5×10 -5 ms / cm, and the conductivity reaches 4.1mS / cm at 60°C. Used in conjunction with GDW6005 high and low temperature test chamber to measure the conductiv...

Embodiment 2

[0052] Dry LBOB and urea and put them in a glove box (water content is less than 1ppm), weigh 10g LiBOB and 90g urea in a beaker, heat slowly to 100°C to melt, and then stir for 1-5 hours with a magnetic stirrer. It becomes a transparent liquid, and after natural cooling, it becomes a white waxy solid to obtain the required phase transition electrolyte. Its thermal properties were measured by NETSCH STA 449C thermogravimetric analyzer, the melting point was 89°C, and the melting point was the phase transition temperature point.

[0053] After melting the electrolyte, put it into a glass conductivity cell with stainless steel electrodes at both ends, and use HP4192 impedance spectrometer to measure its conductivity in the range of 5Hz-13MHz. The measured conductivity at 25°C is 7×10 -5 ms / cm, reached 2.2mS / cm at 60°C. Used in conjunction with GDW6005 high and low temperature test chamber to measure the conductivity of samples at different temperatures. Using CHI627C electroch...

Embodiment 3

[0056] LBOB, dimethylformamide, SiO 2 and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) put into the glove box after drying (water content is less than 1ppm), weigh 10g LiBOB, 60g dimethylformamide, 10g SiO 2 Put 20g of PAN in a beaker, slowly heat it to 100°C to melt it, then stir it with a magnetic stirrer for 1-5 hours, it becomes a transparent liquid, and after natural cooling, it becomes a white waxy solid to obtain the required phase transition electrolyte. The thermal properties were measured by NETSCH STA 449C thermogravimetric analyzer, the melting point was 54°C, and the melting point was the phase transition temperature point.

[0057] After melting the electrolyte, put it into a glass conductivity cell with stainless steel electrodes at both ends, and use HP4192 impedance spectrometer to measure its conductivity in the range of 5Hz-13MHz. The measured conductivity at 25°C is 4×10 -5 ms / cm, and reached 1.0 mS / cm at 60°C. Used in conjunction with GDW6005 high and low temperature test ch...

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Abstract

The invention provides a phase variation lithium ion electrolyte comprising the following components of lithium salts and organic compounds containing acid amide functional groups. The invention also provides a preparation method of the electrolyte, comprising the following steps: a. mixing the lithium salts and the organic compounds containing acid amide functional groups; b. heating the mixture and melting the mixture to obtain transparency liquid; and c. cooling the transparency liquid to obtain the electrolyte, wherein the steps a, b and c are operated in dry environments. The phase variation lithium ion electrolyte is applied to chargeable and dischargeable lithium batteries. In addition, the invention also provides a chargeable and dischargeable lithium battery comprising the electrolyte. The electrolyte has lower electrical conductivity and higher thermal and chemical stability when being a solid under the condition that the temperature is lower than a phase variation temperature and has higher electrical conductivity when being liquid under the condition that the temperature is higher than the phase variation temperature.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a phase transition electrolyte and a preparation method and application of the electrolyte, belonging to the technical field of materials. Background technique [0002] Due to many natural disasters, we put forward higher requirements for energy storage methods. The large-scale snow disaster that occurred in the south of my country in early 2008 caused a large-scale power supply shortage; Large-scale earthquakes will cause damage to the power grid. If the power grid fails to work normally, the distributed power system will still work, which will be conducive to power supply in emergency situations. Therefore, in addition to lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and high power density, research on long-life energy storage lithium-ion batteries has gradually attracted attention. From the perspective of clean energy, the two highly respected new energy sources are solar energy and wind energy, but their disadvantage is th...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M10/40
CPCY02E60/122
Inventor 谢彬李泓黄学杰陈立泉
Owner INST OF PHYSICS - CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
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