THF-based electrolyte for low temperature performance in primary lithium batteries

An electrolyte and battery technology, used in primary batteries, battery electrodes, large-sized batteries/batteries, etc., can solve problems such as low operating voltage, health and safety hazards, and voltage drop

Inactive Publication Date: 2011-06-22
ENERGIZER BRANDS
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

As discussed in this literature, LiFeS with high ether content and LiI as solute (single solute or in combination with lithium triflate) 2 Batteries when discharged at high rates at low temperatures may sometimes exhibit a rapid drop in voltage at the beginning of discharge
Said voltage will drop so low that equipment powered by this battery will not work
Using lithium triflate as the only solute without LiI as the solute can solve this problem, but this will make the operating voltage too low for high rate and high energy discharge at room temperature
The use of perchlorate as the sole primary salt or even as a co-salt is also problematic due to the health and safety hazards associated with these compounds

Method used

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  • THF-based electrolyte for low temperature performance in primary lithium batteries
  • THF-based electrolyte for low temperature performance in primary lithium batteries
  • THF-based electrolyte for low temperature performance in primary lithium batteries

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0084] according to figure 1 and 2 The information contained in constructs the battery. The cells were cooled from 21°C to 0°C, -20°C and -40°C. Cell impedance data were recorded by sweeping the frequency from 65 kHz to 1 Hz after 1 hour equilibration at each temperature.

[0085] The addition of THF, 2MeTHF, and DMP slightly suppressed the OCV of the cells, while the addition of PC and EC to the DIOX-containing solvent significantly increased the OCV of the cells compared to the "reference" electrolyte containing only DIOX and DME. And the cells using lithium imide have a slightly higher OCV than the cells using LiI salt.

[0086] In terms of cell impedance, the reference batch using a 65:35 DIOX:DME (all ratios mentioned here are volume ratios mixed at room temperature) solvent mixture had the lowest impedance when using the LiI salt. THF and 2MeTHF slightly increased the impedance when the solvent mixture contained both DIOX and DME. However, THF-DME and DIOX-THF-2MeT...

Embodiment 2

[0088]The signature test was performed as follows: The cells in Example 1 (including the cooling rules described here) were continuously discharged at a gradually decreasing drain rate, after reaching the cut-off voltage (both 1.0 and 0.9 volts for ease of comparison). A normalized stop time after a volt cut. The battery is then tested at the next drain rate, and the test continues until completion. However, for the initial 1A discharge, the current is briefly interrupted for 100mS every minute of discharge, during which the resistance of the battery can be observed. For all low temperature tests, the test schedule also included a 5 hour delay to achieve a minimum dwell time of 2-3 hours at the specified test temperature.

[0089] image 3 The work in phase 1A of the signature test at three different temperatures (21°C, -20°C and -40°C) is summarized. When the salt was changed from LiI to lithium imide, they performed the same or only slightly worse than the reference solve...

Embodiment 3

[0095] Further tests were performed with the cells of Example 1 (including the cooling rules described here), but this time with the optimal composition of DIOX:DME:THF with the best low temperature (-40°C) and ambient temperature performance LiI electrolyte of solvent mixture.

[0096] Compared to previous teachings (such as references in JES, 131, 2821 by Matsuda et al.), the cell in this example shows unexpected advantages at -40°C.

[0097] Design by Stat-Ease, Inc. Version 7.1.3 optimizes the solvent composition. Therefore, the following optimized solvent composition focusing on improving the low-temperature performance of the battery is 57.3 wt% DIOX, 23.8 wt% DME and 18.9 wt% THF.

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Abstract

An electrochemical cell (10) showing improved low temperature performance, said electrochemical cell comprises a cylindrical container (i2) having an open end; a top cover (14) sealing the open end; a jellyroll electrode assembly disposed inside of the container, the electrode assembly comprising: an anode (18) consisting essentially of lithium or a lithium-based alloy; a cathode (20) consisting of a mix comprising a conductor, a binder and at least 80 wt. % of iron disulfide coated onto a solid foil current collector (22); and a separator (26) disposed between the anode (18) and the cathode (20); and an electrolyte having a solvent blend consisting essentially of 10-95 wt.% of tetrahydrofuran and 5-90 wt% of 1, 3-dioxolane- and a solute selected from the group consisting of : lithium imide, lithium jodide and combinations thereof. Alternatively the electrolyte consists essentially of a solute dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, 1, 3-dioxolane and 1, 2 -dime thoxy ethane or the electrolyte has a solvent blend consisting essentially of 10-95 wt% of tetrahydrofuran-based solvent, 5-90 wt% of 1, 3-dioxolane and 0-40 wt% of 1, 2 -dime thoxy ethane and a solute selected from the group consisting of : lithium imide, lithium iodide and combinations thereof.

Description

technical field [0001] The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte for primary electrochemical cells such as lithium / iron disulfide cells. More specifically, it relates to an electrolyte solution containing THF. Background technique [0002] Batteries are used to power many portable electronic devices. In today's consumer driven device market, a standardized primary battery size (such as AA or AAA) and a specific voltage rating (typically 1.5V) is preferred. Also, consumers often choose to use primary batteries due to their low cost, convenience, reliability, and long operating life compared to similar currently available rechargeable batteries (ie, secondary batteries). Due to the trend toward miniaturization and high energy in new devices, primary lithium batteries (batteries containing metallic lithium or lithium alloys as the electrochemically active material for the negative electrode) are increasingly commonly chosen as batteries for such devices. [...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M4/38H01M4/40H01M4/58H01M6/16
CPCH01M6/166H01M4/382H01M4/38H01M2300/004H01M4/405H01M2300/0025Y02E60/12H01M2300/0037H01M4/5815H01M4/581H01M2300/0091H01M6/164H01M4/40H01M4/58H01M6/16H01M6/162H01M50/107Y02E60/10
Inventor 黄维维
Owner ENERGIZER BRANDS
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