Method for extracting astaxanthin from haematococcus pluvialis

Abstract

A disclosed method for extracting astaxanthin from haematococcus pluvialis comprises algae strain culture and pretreatment, mixing with glacial acetic acid and processing in an ice bath, a cell wall breaking processing combining homogenizing-machine homogenizing and liquid-nitrogen low-temperature processing, CO2 supercritical extraction of astaxanthin, and the like. According to the method, glacial acetic acid can relatively rapidly penetrate into the surface layer of haematococcus pluvialis cells under the ice bath condition; algae cells are crushed under effects of stirring centrifugal force, extrusion force and shearing force during homogenizing, and destroy on glycoprotein in cell wall structure by glacial acetic acid at the cell surface is accelerated because of the friction force among materials; and also, intervention of ice-bath glacial acetic acid, algae cell temperature is prevented from rising during homogenizing, and the physical and chemical activities of astaxanthin are furthest protected. By employing the wall breaking process, the cell wall breaking rate is up to 97.7%, the extraction rate of the astaxanthin extractive reaches 37%, the extraction rate of astaxanthin reaches 35.05%, and the purity of astaxanthin in the product is extremely high and reaches 95.25%.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a method for extracting astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis, belonging to the technical field of biological cultivation. Background technique [0002] Haematococcus pluvialis is a single-celled green algae that lives in fresh water. Under certain conditions, it can accumulate a large amount of carotenoids (up to 2% -5% of dry weight), of which more than 80% are astaxanthin and its esters D. The life cycle of Haematococcus pluvialis is mainly divided into vegetative cells and sclerospores. It is generally believed that when the environment is favorable, vegetative spores are formed; when the environment is unfavorable, sclerospores are formed and a large amount of astaxanthin is accumulated. Astaxanthin can be used as a fat-soluble pigment with bright red color and strong antioxidant properties; in the food industry, it can not only effectively preserve freshness, color, taste and quality, but also provide It can color fo...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] At present, the wall-breaking methods of Haematococcus pluvialis mainly include physical and mechanical wall-breaking methods, enzymatic hydrolysis methods and chemical methods: the enzymatic hydrolysis method has the least damage to astaxanthin, but the wall-breaking rate is low and increases the difficulty of subsequent separation. It is not suitable for large-scale industrial production; the chemical method is relatively systematic, but organic solvents are used in the process, which is not only costly but also not environmentally friendly, and cannot meet the green standards of food production; the physical and mechanical wall-breaking method is green and environmentally friendly, and the separation is simple. It is suitable for large-scale industrial production, but at present, the cell wall breaking rate is low, usually 70%, and the breaking method reaching 90% consumes a lot of energy and is expensive

[0004] The physical and mechanical breaking methods of Haematococcus pluvialis mainly include high-pressure homogenization method, ultrasonic method, grinding method, homogenization method, freeze-thaw method and microwave cracking method, Ouyang Qin (Journal of Fuzhou University, 2005, 33 (1) : 111-115) and other studies found that the high-pressure homogenization method is the most suitable for breaking the wall of Haematococcus pluvialis, and can achieve a breaking rate of 92.9%, but the extraction rate of astaxanthin is not ideal, only 28.0μg / mg (dry weight of cells); Zhou Xiangchi (Ocean and Limnology, 2006, 37 (5): 424-428) and other studies have shown that the homogenization method and ultrasonic method have an impact on the subsequent extraction and separation of astaxanthin, while direct grinding in crushing The activity of astaxanthin is reduced during the wall process, and the low-temperature grinding method with liquid nitrogen is pollution-free and retains the physiological activity of astaxanthin to the greatest extent. However, the low-temperature grinding method with liquid nitrogen is only suitable for research laboratories and is not suitable for large-scale industrialization Production

Patent CN101691348A uses supercritical CO2 extraction to directly extract Haematococcus pluvialis dry powder. This process is green and environmentally friendly and has little impact on the physiological activity of astaxanthin. However, the equipment used in this method is expensive and the cost is high. The extraction rate of cyanine is low