Large-scale domestic garbage pyrolysis and gasification technology

Abstract

The invention relates to a large-scale domestic garbage pyrolysis and gasification technology. The large-scale domestic garbage pyrolysis and gasification technology includes the following steps that after domestic garbage is transported to a garbage pit, a grab bucket is used for grabbing the domestic garbage to the top of a pyrolysis and gasification furnace and loading the domestic garbage into a pyrolysis and gasification tank in the pyrolysis and gasification furnace through a loading device. Pyrolysis and gasification of the domestic garbage are completed in the tank, and ash obtained after pyrolysis and gasification is loaded into an ash tank through a discharging device and then is transported outwards. Heat needed by the pyrolysis and gasification tank is transmitted in from a combustion chamber in the pyrolysis and gasification furnace through a partition wall, and high-temperature flue gas in the combustion chamber passes through waste heat utilizing and purifying devices and other devices and then is discharged into the air. Compared with existing domestic garbage incineration, pyrolysis and gasification melting technologies and other technologies, the large-scale domestic garbage pyrolysis and gasification technology has the obvious beneficial effects that the domestic garbage adaptability is high, large-scale production is achieved, environment friendliness is good, cost is low, and the investment is small.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of domestic waste treatment, in particular to a large-scale domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification process in line with the characteristics of domestic waste in my country. Minimize, reduce volume, harmless and recycle domestic waste to the greatest extent. Background technique [0002] Household garbage refers to the waste or discards generated in the daily life of residents, mainly including organic matter and inorganic matter. Organic matter includes kitchen waste, waste paper, wood, plastic, rubber, fruit peel, etc., while inorganic matter includes dust, glass, ceramics, metal, bricks, etc. In recent years, the annual growth rate of global domestic waste production has reached as high as 8.42%, and the annual domestic waste production has reached more than 1 billion tons. , 270, 210 and 500kg. In 2005, the output of domestic waste in my country was 156.02 million tons, and in 2014 it reached 178.6 m...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Its disadvantages are: 1) The landfill site is limited by hydrological and geographical conditions, so it is difficult to select a site; 2) The waste volume reduction effect is poor, and a large amount of land resources are occupied; 3) Landfill leachate is easy to pollute groundwater and soil

But there are also obvious disadvantages: 1) the composting cycle is long and the floor space is large; 2) non-decomposeable organic and inorganic substances cannot be processed, and bricks, tiles and metals in the garbage must be picked out; 3) the composting process will Odor and unpleasant smell are produced; 4) The organic content of the fertilizer produced is unstable and the fertilizer efficiency is low; 5) The pathogens in the garbage cannot be completely killed, which is easy to cause secondary pollution

However, the incineration method has the following problems in view of the operation of the waste incineration plant: 1) incineration easily produces HCl, HF, SO 2 and other acid gas pollution and high temperature corrosion; 2) Incineration is prone to produce heavy metal pollution such as Cd, As, Hg, Pb; 3) Garbage incineration is likely to produce dioxin pollution

However, the gasification and melting method also has obvious disadvantages: 1) domestic waste needs to be sorted and broken evenly, and the pre-treatment process of garbage is complicated; 2) a large amount of oxygen, coke or other fuels are consumed in the gasification and melting process, and the production cost High; 3) The gasification and melting method has a long process flow, high equipment requirements, and high investment

The above reasons severely limit the popularization of this process, and currently this process is only applied in developed countries

[0011] The characteristics of urban waste in my country are: no classification system for domestic waste is implemented, all kinds of waste are mixed together, kitchen waste accounts for a large proportion of organic matter, paper, plastic, and rubber account for a small proportion, the overall calorific value is low, and the moisture content is low. Therefore, foreign waste treatment technologies cannot simply be imitated. Based on the characteristics of my country's domestic waste, we must develop domestic waste treatment processes and equipment that are in line with my country's national conditions, safe and feasible, reliable in equipment, environmentally friendly, low in cost and small in investment.

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