Method for preparing metal cushion block for acetabular bone defect reconstruction through 3D printing

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a metal cushion block for acetabular bone defect reconstruction through 3D printing. The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparation and characterization of a titanium metal implant subjected to electron beam melting 3D printing, and detection of cell compatibility; S2, in-vitro characterization of biological characteristics of the titanium metal implant subjected to electron beam melting 3D printing; S3, in-vivo characterization of biological characteristics of the titanium metal implant subjected to electron beam melting 3D printing; and S4, clinical research of the titanium metal implant subjected to electron beam melting 3D printing. According to the scheme, based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction of the acetabular bone defect form, a digital cushion block filler model is established by means of computer-aided design (CAD), and a personalized metal cushion block implant with good biological characteristics is manufactured by means of the electron beam melting (EMB) 3D printing technology, so that effective reconstruction of the acetabular bone defect is achieved, and therefore, a new solution is provided for the bone defect problem in the hip joint revision.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of medical technology, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a metal pad by 3D printing for reconstruction of acetabular bone defect. Background technique [0002] With the acceleration of my country's population aging process and the continuous improvement of the quality of life of Chinese people, the number of patients undergoing joint replacement due to hip joint diseases is increasing year by year and showing a younger trend; according to incomplete statistics, the number of patients receiving hip joint replacement in my country every year is as high as Nearly 300,000 person-times, the number of subsequent hip revisions is also increasing day by day; common reasons for hip revision include aseptic loosening of prosthesis, infection, wear of polyethylene lining, osteolysis, periprosthetic fracture, etc.; In joint revision surgery, the treatment of severe bone defects is the most challenging problem; bon...

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Problems solved by technology

[0002] With the acceleration of my country's population aging process and the continuous improvement of the quality of life of Chinese people, the number of patients undergoing joint replacement due to hip joint diseases is increasing year by year and showing a younger trend; according to incomplete statistics, the number of patients receiving hip joint replacement in my country every year is as high as Nearly 300,000 person-times, the number of subsequent hip revisions is also increasing day by day; common reasons for hip revision include aseptic loosening of prosthesis, infection, wear of polyethylene lining, osteolysis, periprosthetic fracture, etc.; In joint revision surgery, the treatment of severe bone defects is the most challenging problem; bone defects are usually more common on the acetabular side, and too many acetabular bone defects will directly lead to the inability of the acetabular cup to obtain effective support during revision surgery. It is difficult to guarantee the stability of the prosthesis; according to Johanson’s report, 17% of hip joint revision surgery combined with acetabular bone defect, but the operation failure rate is as high as 30%; therefore, whether the acetabular bone defect can be effectively Reconstruction will directly affect the success or failure of hip revision surgery;

[0003] Correct evaluation and treatment of acetabular bone defects is the key to successful hip revision surgery; Paprosky classification was proposed by Paprosky et al. in 1994. Since this classification method can judge prognosis and guide treatment, it is increasingly used Clinically; Paprosky classification mainly divides acetabular bone defect into three types according to the degree of ischial osteolysis, degree of tear drop destruction, and the degree of medial and upward shift of the center of the femoral head; among them, Paprosky Ⅰ and ⅡA acetabular bone defects, due to the relatively large bone defect Small bone defects usually do not require additional bone grafting; for PaproskyⅡB and above bone defect types, structural bone grafting is required, which usually needs to be filled with autologous, allogeneic bone blocks or finished metal spacers; however, the shape of acetabular bone defects is variable , for structural bone grafting, whether using autologous / allogeneic bone or finished metal spacers, they cannot form a perfect fit with the defect part of the host bone in terms of appearance, and additional trimming and rubbing are required during the operation. It is cumbersome and cannot achieve the purpose of anatomical reconstruction; at the same time, allogeneic bone blocks or finished metal spacers are very expensive and difficult to promote clinically; therefore, the reconstruction of acetabular bone defects in hip arthroplasty is currently There is still a lack of convenient, effective, economical and practical fillers in clinical practice;

[0004] 3D printing technology is a kind of rapid prototyping (RP) technology. It is based on a three-dimensional data model and completes a series of module design and digital slice processing through Computer Aided Design (CAD), and transmits the information of these slices. On the 3D printer, use powdered or liquid metal, plastic and other bonding materials as raw materials to build physical objects through layered processing and superposition molding, also known as "additive manufacturing"; Electron beam melting technology (ElectronBeamMelting , EBM) is an emerging rapid prototyping manufacturing technology in recent years. Its principle is to import three-dimensional model data into EBM printing equipment, use metal powder as raw material in a vacuum environment, and generate high-energy electron beams after magnetic field-induced deflection and focusing of high-energy electron beams. The metal particles are melted, and then solidified and fused to form a thin metal layer, and the construction of the metal entity is completed by layer-by-layer laying; at present, there are some domestic implants that use EBM technology to 3D print titanium alloys (see figure 1 ) is used clinically, and its short-term curative effect is satisfactory, but it is difficult to achieve effective reconstruction of acetabular bone defects with this method

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