Titanium dioxide films for photovoltaic cells
A technology of titanium dioxide and photovoltaic cells, applied in the field of photovoltaic cells, can solve problems such as low efficiency
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example 1
[0031]This example was prepared essentially according to the procedure described by Gratzel et al. above. In a glove box, place 12.5 mL of titanium isopropoxide into a small dropping funnel. The dropping funnel was capped and removed from the glove box, attaching it to a round bottom flask containing a stirred solution of 75 mL of 0.1 M nitric acid in high purity water. Under the protection of a nitrogen blanket, slowly drop the titanium material into the nitric acid solution while stirring vigorously. When everything was added, the solution was heated and stirred at 80°C for more than 8 hours to obtain a clear solution. The solution is then filtered to remove impurities and all particles.
[0032] The volume of the solution was adjusted to 70 mL with water, and then digested without shaking at 235°C for 12 hours. The milky slurry was mixed thoroughly with ultrasound and then rotovap at room temperature to a final volume of 35 mL. 1 g of polyethylene glycol (mol.wt.14,000)...
example 2
[0035] In this example, a relatively large particle size dye-containing titanium dioxide prepared by a conventional chlorine oxidation process was used. During the oxidation of chlorine, purified TiCl 4 Combustion in oxygen mixed with an auxiliary gas such as carbon monoxide, which is used to increase and maintain the temperature of the reactants during the initial stages of the reaction. Nucleation within the reactor is necessary to facilitate the formation of dye-containing microparticles. This can be done by adding small amounts of water vapor to the oxygen stream, or by burning hydrocarbons. Additionally, a small amount of SiCl was added to the gas stream 4 and PCl 3 to inhibit the formation of the rutile phase. Since the growth rate is very fast, the gas carrying the pigment is rapidly cooled to further minimize growth. The dye is separated, then the chlorine gas is compressed and concentrated into a liquid for later use. The dye is then washed to neutral pH while h...
example 3
[0039] a. Preparation of "cut" TiCl 4 the solution
[0040] The first step is to carefully remove the pure TiCl 4 React with deionized (DI) water to make an aqueous solution of titanium tetrachloride. Due to the hazards involved in handling titanium tetrachloride, and the highly exothermic reaction that occurs when titanium tetrachloride comes in contact with water, many safety precautions must be taken in order to complete this reaction safely. Dilution of titanium tetrachloride with water results in the formation of titanium oxychloride, but for the purposes of these discussions the aqueous solution of titanium tetrachloride is referred to as "cut" TiCl 4 .
[0041] Dilution of titanium tetrachloride with DI water was carried out in a 3-liter four-neck round bottom flask. Take an oiled paddle covered with Teflon A glass rod is inserted into the middle neck of the bottle and tied to a laboratory motor. An oil-coated condenser was inserted into a side neck, fitted wit...
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