Ketone compounds and compositions for cholesterol management and related uses

Abstract

The present invention relates to novel ketone compounds, compositions comprising ketone compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, dysproteinemias, and glucose metabolism disorders comprising administering a composition comprising a ketone compound. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are also useful for treating and preventing Alzheimer's Disease, Syndrome X, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-related disorders, septicemia, thrombotic disorders, obesity, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal disease, cancer, inflammation, and impotence. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

Description

1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The invention encompasses ketone compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, and mixtures thereof; compositions comprising urea and thiourea compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, and mixtures thereof; and methods for treating or preventing a disease or disorder such as, but not limited to, aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, modulating C reactive protein, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, metabolic syndrome disorders (e.g., Syndrome X), a thrombotic disorder, or enhancing bile production, or enhancing reverse lip...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The invention is about a group of compounds that have certain formulas and structures. These compounds have various uses, including as medicines. The patent describes the preferred compounds within this group and their properties. The technical effects of the invention include the creation of new compounds with specific formulas and structures that can be used for various purposes, such as medicines.

Problems solved by technology

Indeed, high serum levels of HDL are regarded as a negative risk factor.

This accumulation forms bulky plaques that inhibit the flow of blood until a clot eventually forms, obstructing an artery and causing a heart attack or stroke.

First, it reduces the ability of the cell to make its own cholesterol by turning off the synthesis of HMGCoA reductase, a key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway.

Third, the accumulation of cholesterol within the cell drives a feedback mechanism that inhibits cellular synthesis of new LDL receptors.

However, many of these drugs have undesirable side effects and / or are contraindicated in certain patients, particularly when administered in combination with other drugs.

The use of such resins, however, at best only lowers serum cholesterol levels by about 20%.

Moreover, their use is associated with gastrointestinal side-effects, including constipation and certain vitamin deficiencies.

Side effects, including liver and kidney dysfunction are associated with the use of these drugs.

Niacin can increase HDL when administered at therapeutically effective doses; however, its usefulness is limited by serious side effects.

Although ATROMID-S may reduce serum cholesterol levels in certain patient subpopulations, the biochemical response to the drug is variable, and is not always possible to predict which patients will obtain favorable results.

ATROMID-S has not been shown to be effective for prevention of coronary heart disease.

However, the lipid response to LOPID is heterogeneous, especially among different patient populations.

Indeed, no efficacy was observed in patients with established coronary heart disease.

Serious side-effects are associated with the use of fibrates, including toxicity; malignancy, particularly malignancy of gastrointestinal cancer; gallbladder disease; and an increased incidence in non-coronary mortality.

Estrogen treatment is, of course, limited to a specific patient population, postmenopausal women, and is associated with serious side effects, including induction of malignant neoplasms; gall bladder disease; thromboembolic disease; hepatic adenoma; elevated blood pressure; glucose intolerance; and hypercalcemia.

However, some of these compounds, for example the α,ω-dicarboxylic acids substituted at their α,α′-carbons (U.S. Pat. No. 3,773,946), while having serum triglyceride and serum cholesterol-lowering activities, have no value for treatment of obesity and hypercholesterolemia (U.S. Pat. No. 4,689,344).

However, the administration of these compounds to patients can produce side effects such as bone marrow depression, and both liver and cardiac cytotoxicity.

It is clear that none of the commercially available cholesterol management drugs has a general utility in regulating lipid, lipoprotein, insulin and glucose levels in the blood.

Images