Also, alternative life styles, i.e., same sex couples, offer a major challenge to options in fertility treatments, which are not currently well recognized or addressed.
Currently there are gaps in services available, in regard to egg cryopreservation.
However freezing of oocytes alone will not solve all of the potential future problems for these women.
Tubal inflammation may go unnoticed or cause pain and fever.
Tubal damage is the major risk factor of a pregnancy in which the fertilized egg is unable to make its way through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterus (ectopic pregnancy).
One episode of tubal infection may cause fertility difficulties.
The risk of ectopic pregnancy increases with each occurrence of tubal infection.
These implants respond to the hormonal cycle and grow, shed and bleed in sync with the lining of the uterus each month, which can lead to scarring and inflammation.
Occasionally they may cause infertility by blocking the fallopian tubes.
This scar tissue formation may impair fertility.
Thyroid problems: Disorders of the thyroid gland, either too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism) or too little (hypothyroidism), can interrupt the menstrual cycle and cause infertility.
Certain cancers particularly female reproductive cancers often severely impair female fertility.
Chemotherapy may impair reproductive function and fertility in men and women.
Excessive caffeine consumption reduces fertility in the female.
CAUSES OF MALE INFERTILITY: A number of things can cause impaired sperm count or mobility, or impaired ability of the sperm to fertilize the egg.
The most common causes of male infertility include abnormal sperm production or function, impaired delivery of sperm, general health and lifestyle issues, and overexposure to certain environmental elements.
If the shape and structure (morphology) of the sperm are abnormal or the movement (motility) is impaired, sperm may not be able to reach or penetrate the egg.
Because the testicles are exposed to the higher internal body temperature, compared with the temperature in the scrotum, sperm production may be affected.
In the genetic defect Klinefelter's syndrome, a man has two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome instead of one X and one Y. This causes abnormal development of the testicles, resulting in low or absent sperm production and possibly low testosterone.
These infections can cause scarring and block sperm passage.
If mumps, a viral infection usually affecting young children, occurs after puberty, inflammation of the testicles can impair sperm production.
IMPAIRED DELIVERY OF SPERM: Problems with the delivery of sperm from the penis into the vagina can result in infertility.
Often treatable, problems with sexual intercourse or technique may affect fertility.
Difficulties with erection of the penis (erectile dysfunction), premature ejaculation, painful intercourse (dyspareunia), or psychological or relationship problems can contribute to infertility.
Use of lubricants such as oils or petroleum jelly can be toxic to sperm and impair fertility.
Presence of these antibodies may complicate the reversal of a vasectomy.
Emotional stress: Stress may interfere with certain hormones needed to produce sperm.
The sperm count may be affected by excessive or prolonged emotional stress.
A problem with fertility itself can sometimes become long term and discouraging, producing more stress.
Obesity: Increased body mass may be associated with fertility p