The invention provides a carbon
brush automatic centering device based on a
temperature control air column and an operation method, and belongs to the technical field of motor collector rings. According to the device, an existing
brush box is improved, an original constant-pressure spring is removed, five air columns are arranged at the bottom of the
brush box, four air columns are distributed diagonally, and one air column is arranged in the middle. Each air column consists of an air sleeve, an
air chamber and a
piston rod, and the
air chamber is filled with air; the top end of the
piston rod is connected with a spring base, and a spring is installed between the spring base and a spring upper end seat, so that the springs of the five air columns act on the carbon brush together. The brush box is parallel to the collector ring, and the distance between the brush box and the collector ring is adjusted by rotating the hand frame, thereby ensuring that the carbon brush in the brush box is attached to the side surface of the collector ring. When the carbon brush deviates, the spring at the corresponding position can be stretched or compressed, and the deformation of the spring is the direct reflection of the deviation. By controlling the temperature of air in each air column, the volume of the
air chamber is changed by utilizing the
thermal expansion and cold contraction characteristics of air, and the
piston rod is driven to stretch.