Method for directly roasting and processing spent lithium ion batteries and recycling valuable metals

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for directly roasting and treating spent lithium ion batteries and recycling valuable metals, in particular to a method for recycling and treating spent lithium ion batteries using lithium cobalt oxide as an anode material. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, remove organic binder on an organic diaphragm material and an electrode material in the batteries by roasting at a temperature of 500 DEG C to 850 DEG C; crushing and mixing the roasted battery material with sodium sulfate (or potassium sulfate) and concentrated sulfuric acid before size mixing; carrying out secondary heat treatment in an electric stove at a temperature of 350 DEG C to 600 DEG C to convert metals in the spent lithium ion batteries, such as cobalt, copper, lithium, and the like into easily water-soluble sulfate which is leached by water or a dilute sulphuric acid solution; then, using an organic extracting agent to respectively extract the cobalt and the copper from a leaching solution and obtain a cobalt product and a copper product; using sodium carbonate to precipitate the metal lithium from the leaching solution after the cobalt and the copper are removed; and enabling the leaching solution to return treatment heat so as to secondarily treat materials. The invention has a metal leaching rate higher than 99.5 percent and a metal recovery rate higher than 99 percent.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a method for processing waste lithium ion batteries and recovering valuable metals, and belongs to the technical fields of environmental protection and nonferrous metal recycling. In particular, it relates to a method for processing cobalt-containing waste lithium-ion batteries and recovering valuable metals. technical background [0002] As a portable and rechargeable power source, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in electronic products such as mobile phones, notebook computers, digital cameras and video cameras. Among them, the service life of mobile phone lithium-ion batteries is generally 2 to 3 years, and hundreds of millions of used lithium-ion batteries are eliminated every year. [0003] Waste lithium-ion batteries mainly contain lithium cobalt oxide, lithium hexafluorophosphate, organic carbonate, carbon materials, copper, aluminum, nickel, manganese and other substances. Generally, the interior of a lithi...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Using specific chemical reagents (organic solvents or inorganic acids, alkalis) to leach different components in waste lithium-ion batteries step by step, the initial acid (alkali) of the leachate is high, and when the valuable metals are recovered from different solutions It also needs to add a large amount of acid (or alkali) for neutralization, resulting in a lot of secondary waste liquid and waste, poor operating conditions, and often needs to add special leaching aids, long leaching time, complex process, long process, and cumbersome operation

However, when pyrometallurgy is used to directly smelt waste lithium-ion batteries at high temperature, the equipment requirements are high, the recovery rate of metals is low, the product components are complex, and the quality is not high, requiring further processing, which is not suitable for general enterprises.

In particular, some processing methods require pre-separation of different component materials in waste lithium-ion batteries, which use a lot of processing equipment, greatly increase processing costs, and produce many intermediate products that are not conducive to further processing.