Pyrolysis and combustion coupled circular reaction method and device

Abstract

The invention relates to a pyrolysis and combustion coupled circular reaction method and device. The method and the device are used for converting fine-grained carbon containing materials such as coal, biomasses and oil shale into oil, gas, heat and other products through fast pyrolysis and combustion. The device mainly comprises a fluidized-bed combustion chamber, a pyrolysis chamber and a solid circulation system. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the pyrolysis and combustion coupling process is shortened due to the integration of the structures and the functions of the pyrolysis and the combustion, and the device is compact in structure, has high degree of integration and high thermal efficiency and occupies a small floor area. The pyrolysis reaction can be carried out by both a high-temperature wall surface or heat-conducting component obtained by combusting semicoke in the fluidized-bed combustion chamber and a solid heat carrier, thus the pyrolysis capacity, the equipment production capacity and the oil, gas and heat recovery rate can be improved.

Description

Technical field: [0001] The present invention relates to the field of carbon-containing solid fuel energy chemical industry. Specifically, the present invention relates to a pyrolysis coupled combustion cycle reaction method and device, which convert fine-grained carbon-containing substances into oil, gas, Method and apparatus for heating products. The carbonaceous substances referred to here include coal, biomass, oil shale, etc., or their mixtures. Background technique: [0002] China's energy resource reserves are dominated by coal, and there is a serious shortage of oil and natural gas resources. By the end of 2009, China's proven coal reserves accounted for 13.9% of the world's total, while oil and natural gas accounted for only 1.1% and 1.3% respectively. The shortage of oil and natural gas is one of the main problems in my country's energy industry, especially the shortage of oil has become a serious problem that limits my country's future economic development and t...

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Problems solved by technology

The main disadvantages of the above process are: the process is long and there are many equipments; the heat of pyrolysis reaction is only provided by high-temperature circulating ash, because the quantity is limited, which limits the production capacity of the pyrolysis reactor, thereby reducing the overall system efficiency. production capacity, or reduce the degree of pyrolysis of solid carbonaceous substances, resulting in a decrease in the yield of oil and gas products; the pyrolysis gas generated during the pyrolysis process cannot be exported as soon as possible, and there are problems such as long contact time with high-temperature materials, so it will Causes more pyrolysis gases to undergo secondary reactions, thereby reducing oil yield

[0007] In order to provide more heat for the pyrolysis reaction and reduce the export resistance of pyrolysis gas, Chinese patent ZL201110098415.3 discloses a technical solution, that is, another heating furnace (chamber) is built outside the pyrolysis reactor, through A built-in component with good heat transfer performance is set in the solid material filling layer (one end is connected to the heating furnace) to transfer the heat of the heating furnace to the pyrolysis reactor, so that the pyrolysis reaction heat can be jointly provided by the high-temperature circulating ash and the heating furnace ; There is a gap between the wall surface of the internal member and the carbonaceous material to provide a discharge channel for the pyrolysis gas. The disadvantage is that it is necessary to build another heating furnace (chamber), which increases the complexity of the system; The fuel is heated, which increases the gas consumption and reduces the efficiency of the system; because the material layer of the pyrolysis chamber is usually thick (because the pyrolysis process is slow or to improve the degree of pyrolysis), the discharge path of the pyrolysis gas is long, and the wall surface of the internal components is relatively long. The gap formed with carbonaceous substances is often filled with fine-grained materials, so the resistance of pyrolysis gas export is still relatively large, and pyrolysis gas is exported along the wall surface of high-temperature built-in components, which will intensify its secondary reaction, so that oil yield decline

[0008] In addition, the above-mentioned coal pyrolysis and combustion coupling technologies based on circulating fluidized beds (such as patents ZL01218480.2 and ZL201110098415.3) all use semi-coke combustion furnaces and pyrolysis furnaces to be arranged separately and independently. Therefore, these technical solutions also have the following Disadvantages: The independently arranged combustion furnace and pyrolysis furnace both dissipate heat to the outside, and the heat dissipation area is large, so the heat loss of the system is relatively large; Only a small part of the heat generated in the coke furnace is utilized by the pyrolysis process

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