A Cassava Cultivation Method Applicable to Southern Frost Areas

Abstract

The invention relates to a cassava cultivation method applicable to the southern frost region. The cassava cultivation method comprises: performing cold resistance measures, i.e. selecting cold-resistant varieties, spraying a leaf fertilizer in the later stage of growth, and storing seed stems in place; performing premature measures, i.e. carrying out ridging and fertility improvement, mulching with plastic films, soaking seeds and planting; performing seedling control measures, i.e. controlling seedlings in the early stage of growth and controlling seedling growth above the ground in the middle stage of growth; performing cassava strengthening measures, i.e. applying a potash fertilizer, spraying the leaf fertilizer in the middle stage of growth, and timely watering in the drought. The cassava cultivation method is high in practicality and good in controllability, can effectively solve the problems of the insufficient growth time, the insufficient material production accumulation time, the poor cold resistance of varieties and difficulty in seed reservation of cassavas in the northward moved southern frost region, implements high-yield cultivation of the cassavas and seed stem in-place propagation expansion of the cassavas, and fulfills the aim of increasing the yield and revenue. Planting time is advanced by 10 to 13 days, the accumulated emerging time is advanced by 15 to 23 days, the emergence rate is improved by 10 percent, harvesting time can be prolonged for 7 to 10 days, the cassava yield is improved by at least 22.35%, the seed stem storage cost is saved by at least 1,000 Yuan per hectare.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to crop cultivation techniques, in particular to a cassava cultivation method suitable for southern frost regions. Background technique [0002] Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) belongs to the Euphorbiaceae cassava plant, which originated in the Amazon River Basin in tropical America. It is one of the three major potato crops and a non-grain biomass energy crop. Moreover, it is one of the raw materials for producing starch and processing fuel ethanol, and has extremely high economic value. Cassava has strong adaptability to the environment. Planting cassava does not occupy fertile land, and can make full use of marginal land such as barren hills and slopes. In China, cassava is mainly distributed in the main producing areas of Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, and Yunnan provinces. In the past 10 years, the cassava planting area has continued to expand, extending from frost-free areas to southern frost areas, and from light frost are...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0005] 1) Cassava seed stem storage and multiplication have not been carried out, relying entirely on introduction from other places, and blindly selecting non-cold-resistant mid-early-maturing cassava varieties from other places; there are problems such as serious water loss of seed stems, poor quality, damaged epidermal bud points, and low emergence rate;

[0006] 2) Planting period (March to April) After the soil is plowed, the planting ditch is opened. The planting time is the end of March and the beginning of April. The planting size is 100 cm × 80 cm, and the length of the stem is 10 cm. Compound fertilizer 1125 kg / ha; there are problems of late emergence time, slow and irregular emergence, many weak seedlings, few strong seedlings, low emergence rate and slow growth;

[0007] 3) In the early stage of growth, that is, from the seedling stage to the root tuber formation stage (April to June), there is no strong seedling fertilizer and no seedling thinning. There are many weak cassava seedlings, few strong seedlings, and large nutrient consumption. The nutrients of the stem itself are difficult to meet the growth of seedlings. problem; and only apply pure potato fertilizer per hectare N69 kg and K 2 0.67.5 kilograms; There are too many nitrogen and potassium application rates, which will easily cause the growth of plant seedlings, cause nutrient loss, and the problem of nutrient utilization rate decline;

[0008] 4) In the mid-growth period, that is, from the root tuber formation period to the root tuber expansion period (June to October), no strong potato fertilizer is applied. In case of drought, it is completely dependent on natural rainfall, and it is difficult to provide enough potassium to meet the potassium demand of cassava in the late growth period, and the soil is dry. Seriously, the normal growth and root expansion of cassava cannot be guaranteed, and there is a problem of slow accumulation of starch in the root;

[0009] 5) In the later stage of growth, that is, from 120 days to 180 days (October-December) during the root tuber expansion period, the temperature drops, the variety is poor in cold resistance, and the photosynthetic capacity of cassava is reduced, the leaves are prematurely aging and falling off, and cannot maintain normal growth.

[0010] Using the current cassava cultivation methods in frost areas, the yield per unit area is low, with an average yield of less than 20 tons / ha, which is far behind the maximum potential yield and the yield of large-scale cultivation experiments.

[0011] There are frost and low temperature hazards in winter and early spring in frost areas in the south. Cassava cannot grow naturally through the winter, and the growth time is limited, and the accumulation time of root starch is insufficient; the low temperature in the early growth period is slow to emerge, and the growth after emergence is slow, and the material accumulation is slow; Many weak seedlings, lack of strong seedlings; uneven distribution of rainwater in the middle growth period, prone to overgrowth aboveground, which affects the growth of underground tubers; low temperature in the late growth period, slow material accumulation speed, poor cold resistance of varieties, early leaf fall, premature senescence, and cannot be delayed Harvest cassava; In addition, high-yield varieties and seedling propagation suitable for frost-free areas are difficult to apply and promote in southern frost areas. Seed stem propagation in southern frost areas relies on purchasing from frost-free areas or occasional light frost areas in Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan. , transferred to the seed stems, tired of transportation, easy to cause damage to the stem skin and bud points, poor quality, low germination rate, and high cost