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Metal electrode with three-dimensional structure

A technology of metal electrodes and three-dimensional structures, applied in battery electrodes, structural parts, circuits, etc., can solve the problems of low ionic conductivity at room temperature, inability to provide "cages", and difficult control of metal forms, so as to improve Coulombic efficiency and reduce local Current density, effect of reducing volume expansion

Inactive Publication Date: 2017-06-20
ZHEJIANG UNIV
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  • Summary
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AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0005] 1. Unlike the porous carbon-based negative electrode that does not participate in the redox reaction, but only acts as an ion support material interlayer, the lithium metal negative electrode cannot provide a "cage" for lithium ion deposition during the cycle of stripping / plating, so after lithium deposition Metal formation is often difficult to control in subsequent cycles;
[0006] 2. The charging and discharging of the lithium metal negative electrode is also accompanied by an almost relatively infinite volume change (the volume of the fully charged state compared to its volume in the fully discharged state) will cause internal pressure changes and interface fluctuations
However, the normal temperature ionic conductivity of solid (or gel) electrolytes is low, which affects its further application.
[0011] The above methods provide many ideas, but they cannot fundamentally solve the problems of dendrite growth, low Coulombic efficiency, and poor battery cycle performance caused by metal electrode materials led by metal lithium electrodes.

Method used

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Examples

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Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0041] A 62 μm thick copper mesh with a pore size of 60 μm is placed on a 450 μm thick lithium metal sheet, and then through physical extrusion, the copper mesh is just embedded in the lithium metal surface to form a lithium metal negative electrode with a three-dimensional structure. Assemble a symmetrical battery, the electrolyte is 1M LiPF 6 / EC:DEC(1:1, volume ratio).

[0042] The test conditions of the assembled symmetrical battery are: the current density is 0.5mA cm -2 , with a capacity of 1mAhcm -2, after at least 1280 h, no short-circuit phenomenon appears in the lithium metal anode with three-dimensional structure. However, the battery using common lithium metal negative electrode short-circuited after 640h.

Embodiment 2

[0044] A 96 μm thick copper mesh with a pore size of 100 μm is placed on a 450 μm thick lithium metal sheet, and then the copper mesh is just embedded in the lithium metal surface by physical extrusion to form a lithium metal negative electrode with a three-dimensional structure. Assemble a symmetrical battery, the electrolyte is 1M LiPF 6 / EC:DEC(1:1, volume ratio).

[0045] The test conditions of the assembled symmetrical battery are: the current density is 0.5mA cm -2 , with a capacity of 1mAh cm -2 , after at least 1100 h, no short-circuit phenomenon occurs in the lithium metal anode with a three-dimensional structure. However, the battery using common lithium metal negative electrode short-circuited after 640h.

Embodiment 3

[0047] A 62 μm thick copper mesh with a pore size of 60 μm is placed on a 450 μm thick lithium metal sheet, and then through physical extrusion, the copper mesh is just embedded in the lithium metal surface to form a lithium metal negative electrode with a three-dimensional structure. with lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 o 12 ) to assemble the half-cell, the electrolyte is 1M LiPF 6 / EC:DEC(1:1, volume ratio).

[0048] Under the condition of 4C high rate, after 500 cycles, the measured discharge capacity can still maintain 80% of the initial discharge capacity, while the battery using ordinary lithium metal anodes under the same conditions, the discharge capacity is only 60% of the initial discharge capacity.

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Abstract

The invention discloses a metal electrode with a three-dimensional structure. The metal electrode comprises a substrate, wherein at least one surface of the substrate is provided with an embedded layer with a netlike structure; the substrate is selected from metal lithium, sodium, magnesium or aluminum, or an alloy consisting of at least two of the metal lithium, sodium, magnesium and aluminum; the embedded layer with the netlike structure is of a single-layer or multi-layer structure, and is selected from at least one of a metal layer, a polymer layer, a semiconductor layer and an insulator layer; the netlike structure is a planar netlike structure or a three-dimensional netlike structure; and the embedded layer is made of a material different from the material of the substrate. Through adoption of the metal electrode with the three-dimensional structure provided by the invention, the aims of restraining dendritic crystal growth and reducing volume expansion can be fulfilled, thereby increasing the coulombic efficiency of a battery and prolonging the service life the battery.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metal electrodes, in particular to a metal electrode with a three-dimensional structure. Background technique [0002] With the rapid development of the economy, people consume more and more energy, and the non-renewable resources are decreasing day by day, so the field of batteries has received more and more attention. As a new type of clean energy storage medium, batteries are widely used in mobile phones, laptop computers, electric vehicles, etc., and have also been tried to be used in military fields such as unmanned aircraft. It is the main direction for the development of next-generation high-energy energy storage devices . [0003] Among the existing batteries, lithium-ion batteries are the most researched. Although the energy density of lithium-ion batteries is higher than that of lead-acid and nickel-metal hydride batteries, it still cannot meet people's needs for higher energy densities. Theref...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M4/134
CPCH01M4/134Y02E60/10
Inventor 陆盈盈李琪
Owner ZHEJIANG UNIV
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