Comprehensive recovery method of waste rare earth batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive recovery method of waste rare earth batteries. The recovery method comprises the following steps that A, outer shells of the batteries are removed, and the batteries completely discharge; B, the waste rare-earth batteries are subjected to crushing treatment, and positive poles, negative poles, diaphragms, battery cores and steel shells are separated out; andC, the diaphragms are put into a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 2 mol / L to 6 mol / L according to the proportion that 1 kg of the diaphragms are put into 2 L to 3 L of the sulfuric acid solution, further a reaction is carried out for 0.5-2 hours, and then filtering is carried out to obtain the diaphragms and a filtrate. According to the comprehensive recovery method of the waste rare earth batteries, crude copper, crude nickel and other valuable substances are separated from positive and negative pole pieces through a physical method, furthermore, classification recovery of battery parts and battery materials is realized, separation and reutilization of rare earth and cobalt are realized, meanwhile, the using amount of chemical reaction reagents is reduced in the whole process, the reaction time is shortened, energy consumption is reduced, the technology is simple, the recovery rate is high, a foundation is established for the dynamic storage of rare resources such asthe rare earth and the nickel, and furthermore, the method is low in cost and obvious in economic benefit.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of battery recycling, in particular to a comprehensive recycling method for waste rare earth batteries. Background technique [0002] A storage battery is an electrochemical device that stores chemical energy and releases electrical energy when necessary. It is a device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It is a rechargeable battery that is recharged through a reversible chemical reaction. Usually Refers to the lead-acid battery, which is a kind of battery and belongs to the secondary battery. Its working principle: when charging, the external electric energy is used to regenerate the internal active material, and the electric energy is stored as chemical energy. When it needs to be discharged, the chemical energy is used again Converted to electrical energy output, such as mobile phone batteries commonly used in daily life, etc., the device that converts chemical energy into elec...

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Problems solved by technology

[0005] However, the current recovery methods for rare earth, nickel and other metals in rare earth batteries are mainly fire method and wet method. For the purpose of recycling nickel-iron alloys, this method consumes a lot of energy and fails to effectively recover rare earth elements in rare earth batteries; the wet method is mainly to physically separate the batteries. At this stage, the waste rare earth batteries are mechanically crushed or ball milled to remove After lye, magnetic and gravity separation methods, the iron-containing substances are separated, and iron, nickel and other elements are dissolved in the acid solution by pickling, and the solution is adjusted according to the different solubility products of different metal salts or hydroxides. According to the pH value of nickel and cobalt, other metals other than nickel and cobalt will be precipitated. According to the difference in electrochemical reduction potential of nickel and cobalt, the remaining nickel and cobalt can be deposited on the electrode in the form of metal by metal electrodeposition technology, but this still cannot be done very well. Good recycling of rare earth and other elements in rare earth batteries

[0006] The rare earth battery is a water-based power battery with a square steel shell. Copper and iron are in a small amount (≤0.02%) in the battery, and the nickel content is more than 50%. It is obviously not advisable to prepare nickel-iron alloy by fire method to recover nickel; it is obviously not advisable to use traditional wet method , a large amount of rare earth, nickel and other substances are magnetic and difficult to magnetic separation, and mechanical crushing can easily cause the current collector (i.e. foam nickel) to become slag, increasing the difficulty of recovery and the amount of recovery reagents; at the same time, the content of nickel and cobalt The mass ratio of the rare earth is 8:1, and there is a large cross-contamination in the selective electrochemical reduction, which reduces its economic value, and the rare earths have not been fully recovered. Therefore, we propose a comprehensive recovery method for waste rare earth batteries

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