Modifier cembrinium chloride for electrolyte as well as modification method and application of modifier cembrinium chloride

Abstract

The invention discloses a modifier, namely, cembrinium chloride, for an electrolyte as well as a modification method and application of the cembrinium chloride. The structural formula of the modifier cembrinium chloride shown in the specifications. The cembrionium chloride is added into the electrolyte, the cembrionium chloride is fully stirred and dissolved, and an obtained suction is made to stand still, so that the modified electrolyte can be obtained. The stability of a lithium metal negative electrode can be significantly improved with the cebicarbonium chloride additive, such that the formation of a protective SEI layer on the surface of the lithium negative electrode can be easily achieved, and the uniform deposition of lithium ions can be guided so as to provide the high specific discharge capacity and the high coulombic efficiency of a lithium metal battery, and improve the cycle stability and electrochemical kinetics performance; the cebicarbonium chloride additive is also suitable for ester electrolyte and ether electrolyte, has advantages of wide application range and great application prospect, can greatly improve the low temperature performance of the battery through the influence on the solvation structure in the electrolyte, and can improve the application possibility under the extreme climate condition.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of rechargeable metal lithium batteries, in particular to a modifier cebenzium chloride for an electrolyte, a modification method and application thereof. Background technique [0002] Limited by the low theoretical specific capacity of traditional graphite anodes (372 mAh g -1 ), commercial lithium-ion batteries have been increasingly unable to meet people's needs for secondary energy storage devices with high energy density, high safety and long cycle life. Lithium metal has a high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g -1 ) and very low reduction potential (-3.04V), so it is regarded as a good candidate material for lithium battery anode. Especially for some new high energy density battery systems, such as lithium-oxygen batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries, metallic lithium anodes are indispensable anode materials. However, there are serious safety problems in the use of metal lithium as a negative electro...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, there are serious safety problems in the use of metal lithium as a negative electrode material for secondary batteries. For example, the active metal lithium is very easy to react with the organic electrolyte to form a fragile solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI) on the surface of the lithium negative electrode. Traditional The interface layer is not only poor in chemical stability but also low in mechanical strength, so it will be broken during repeated cycles, resulting in the continuous consumption of metal lithium and organic electrolyte, which eventually leads to accelerated decay of Coulombic efficiency.

At the same time, in the repeated lithium plating / stripping process, the metal lithium anode will face inevitable non-uniform lithium deposition, which will directly lead to the nucleation and growth of lithium dendrites.

The growth of lithium dendrites will not only accelerate the progress of side reactions, but more seriously, it will lead to serious safety problems such as diaphragm piercing, battery short circuit, and thermal runaway.

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