Polymers containing functionalized carbon nanotubes

Inactive Publication Date: 2003-05-15
HYPERION CATALYSIS INT
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

0094] The carbon nanotube content of the composite is from about 0.25% to about 20% by weight of the composite. Preferably the nanotubes comprise less than 10% by weigh

Problems solved by technology

The use of clay in polymers can also increase

Method used

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  • Polymers containing functionalized carbon nanotubes
  • Polymers containing functionalized carbon nanotubes

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

Preparation of Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized Fibrils Using Chlorate

[0095] A sample of CC carbon nanotubes was slurried in concentrated H.sub.2SO.sub.4 by mixing with a spatula and then transferred to a reactor flask fitted with gas inlet / outlets and an overhead stirrer. With stirring and under a slow flow of argon, the charge of NaClO.sub.3 was added in portions at room temperature over the duration of the run. Chlorine vapors were generated during the entire course of the run and were swept out of the reactor into a aqueous NaOH trap. At the end of the run, the fibril slurry was poured over cracked ice and vacuum filtered. The filter cake was then transferred to a Soxhlet thimble and washed in a Soxhlet extractor with deionized water, exchanging fresh water every several hours. Washing was continued until a sample of the carbon nanotubes, when added to fresh deionized water, did not change the pH of the water. The carbon nanotubes were then separated by filtration and dried at 100...

example 2

Preparation of Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized Fibrils Using Nitric Acid

[0096] A sample of carbon nanotubes was slurried with nitric acid of the appropriate strength in a bound bottom multi-neck indented reactor flask equipped with an overhead stirrer and a water condenser. With constant stirring, the temperature was adjusted and the reaction carried out for the specified time. Brown fumes were liberated shortly after the temperature exceeded 70.degree. C., regardless of acid strength. After the reaction, the slurry was poured onto cracked ice and diluted with deionized water. The slurry was filtered and excess acid removed by washing in a Soxhlet extractor, replacing the reservoir with fresh deionized water every several hours, until a slurried sample gave no change in pH from deionized water. The carbon nanotubes were dried at 100.degree. C. at 5" vacuum overnight.

example 3

Preparation of Amino-Functionalized Fibrils Using Nitric Acid

[0097] To a cooled suspension (0.degree. C.) of fibrils (70 mg) in water (1.6 ml) and acetic acid (0.8 ml) was added nitric acid (0.4 ml) in a dropwise manner. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at 0.degree. C. and stirred for further 1 hour at room temperature. A mixture of sulfuric acid (0.4 ml) and hydrochloric acid (0.4 ml) was added slowly and stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. The reaction was stopped and centrifuged. The aqueous layer was removed and the fibrils washed with water (X5). The residue was treated with 10% sodium hydroxide (X3), and washed with water (X5) to furnish nitrated fibrils.

[0098] To a suspension of nitrated fibrils in water (3 ml) and ammonium hydroxide (2 ml) was added sodium dithionite (200 mg) in three portions at 0.degree. C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature and refluxed for 1 hour at 100.degree. C. The reaction was stopped, cooled to 0.de...

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Abstract

A polymer composite composed of a polymerized mixture of functionalized carbon nanotubes and monomer which chemically reacts with the functionalized nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are functionalized by reacting with oxidizing or other chemical media through chemical reactions or physical adsorption. The reacted surface carbons of the nanotubes are further functionalized with chemical moieties that react with the surface carbons and selected monomers. The functionalized nanotubes are first dispersed in an appropriate medium such as water, alcohol or a liquefied monomer and then the mixture is polymerized. The polymerization results in polymer chains of increasing weight bound to the surface carbons of the nanotubes. The composite may consists of some polymer chains imbedded in the composite without attachment to the nanotubes. The resulting composite yields superior chemical, physical and electrical properties over polymer composites that are only physically mixed and without binding to the surface carbons of the nanotubes.

Description

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention[0002] The present invention broadly relates to polymer composites containing graphitic nanotubes. More specifically, the present invention relates to polymer composites prepared from functionalized nanotubes and a monomer which reacts with functional sites on the nanotubes during in situ polymerization[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art[0004] The advent of polymer composites containing carbon nanotubes has revolutionized the fields of materials science and materials engineering. These polymer composites are 1 / 6 the weight of steel but 50 to 100 or more times stronger than steel. As such, these polymer composites have found use in a variety of applications, from capacitors to electroconductive paint to electrodes. The demand for these materials has been great and improvements in their production are widely sought.[0005] Methods of manufacturing composites containing carbon nanotubes begin with monomers that have already been polymerized to form a...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C01B31/02C08K7/24H01B1/24
CPCB82Y10/00B82Y30/00B82Y40/00C01B31/0273Y10S977/753H01B1/24Y10S977/745Y10S977/752C08K7/24C01B32/174Y10T428/2982Y10T428/2998
Inventor NIU, CHUNMINGNGAW, LEIN
Owner HYPERION CATALYSIS INT
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