Uses of white corn hybrids

Abstract

The present invention provides hybrid white corn that produces grain with novel compositional characteristics, such as, higher endosperm protein concentration and low levels of carotenoids. The compositional changes facilitate the use of an improved process for wet milling of white corn and improve the characteristics and performance of the products derived therefrom. A high protein, nearly carotene-free corn gluten meal and substantially pure starch are extracted from this white corn having a unique genotype, a unique kernel phenotype and advantage in the wet milling process is disclosed.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE [0001] This application is related to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60 / 279,145 filed Mar. 27, 2001 and U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60 / 356,758 filed Feb. 15, 2002.FIELD OF INVENTION [0002] The present invention relates to the general fields of genetics, plant physiology, grain composition, and specifically to the novel use of white corn hybrids in the wet milling process. This application further relates to novel white corn hybrids providing enhanced compositional characteristics, increased yields of critical components useful for novel end-product uses, and potential for reducing processing waste by-products in the wet milling process. The novel white corn products provide enhanced characteristics for feed applications, especially aqua culture. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] Corn (Zea mays L.) has a monoecious flowering habit. The male and female flowers are separate but develop on the same plant. The staminate (male) flowers are borne in the ta...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0030] The invention described herein relates to novel white corn hybrids specifically selected for wet milling, and includes novel white corn hybrids that provide enhanced compositional characteristics and increased yields of critical components useful for novel end-product uses, and potential for reduced processing waste by-products in the wet milling process.

[0031] The present invention includes hybrid varieties of white corn having novel wet milling processing characteristics and novel feed value. The hybrids disclosed herein include the preferred embodiments of white corn having enhanced compositional characteristics, for example 1851W and E8272, and are of the genus species Zea mays L. These hybrids are bred and selected to yield improved and / or enhanced levels of one or more grain components, and to be effectively and efficiently wet milled.

[0033] The invention further includes an improved wet milling process, whereby the hybrids of the invention are easily separated into their components using an improved wet milling process that potentially increases plant efficiency in terms of quantity of product run verses time of operation.

[0037] The invention further includes the identification of a unique starch complex that significantly effects steep time, cook time, cook temperature, and waste reduction in the alkaline cooking process of tortillas.

Problems solved by technology

Therefore, selection progress is slow.

Grain yield improvement by mass selection is more difficult because random pollination involves both good and poor yielding plants.

Also, the effects of genotype and environment cannot be separated using mass selection techniques.

Inbred lines are generally not vigorous, and yields are low.

Application of the gametocide, timing of the application and genotype specificity often limit the usefulness of the approach.

Plant breeding and hybrid development are expensive and time-consuming processes.

Much of the hybrid vigor exhibited by F1 hybrids is lost in the next generation (F2), and consequently, seed from hybrids is not generally used for planting stock.

This inadvertently self-pollinated seed may be unintentionally harvested and packaged with hybrid seed.

In known processes for separating protein from starch, either steeping destroys the usefulness of protein and starch or the protein is ineffectively recovered.

Traditionally, white corn varieties are known for their inefficiency or inability to be wet milled.

The objective of the dry milling process is to remove the bran coat and germ from the corn kernel while keeping the endosperm portion largely intact, a process which, traditionally, has not or has not efficiently been accomplished using a wet milling process.

Improper drying and handling of corn causes fissuring and breakage, which causes overcooking.

Thus, some kernels are overcooked and may dissolve during handling, which increases dry matter losses, and produces masa with poor properties.

The attrition of the stone disrupts the swollen starch granules and hydrated protein and causes dough formation.

Overcooked corn often forms masa with a sticky consistency because too much glue is formed.

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