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Quantitative Trait Loci and Somatostatin

a quantitative trait and locus technology, applied in the field of quantitative trait loci and somatostatin, can solve the problems of reducing the ability of packers, inefficiency in management, processing and marketing of livestock, and not allowing optimal control of specific phenotypic characteristics related to meat eating quality, so as to improve feedlot performance and meat quality, increase or decrease the effect of marbling in the tissu

Inactive Publication Date: 2010-01-21
CAI LI +6
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The present patent identifies genetic markers, markers, and haplotypes that are predictive of economically important traits in livestock species, such as marbling, meat quality grade, and yield grade. These genetic markers can be used to predict the breeding characteristics of livestock and optimize management and marketing of livestock for improved performance. The genetic markers are linked to specific genes and gene variants, and can be identified through DNA sequencing or other methods. The patent also provides methods for predicting marbling in bovine by identifying specific nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine somatostatin gene. Overall, the patent provides valuable information for improving the breeding and management of livestock species.

Problems solved by technology

These breeding programs, however, select for desirable traits using classical Mendelian genetics, which does not allow for optimal control over specific phenotypic characteristics related to the eating quality of meat, such as marbling, Quality Grade, and tenderness of meat.
The inability to identify live animals that possess the desired meat composition and quality characteristics causes inefficiency in the management, processing, and marketing of livestock.
Due to the enormous daily volume of processed animals and limited cooler space (which reduces the ability of packers to sort), packers are unable to efficiently market their inventory based upon quality specifications.
Results of recent gene mapping in plants and animals, however, demonstrate that this assumption is generally inaccurate.
These classical approaches are severely hampered, however, when the characteristic or phenotype to be improved cannot be measured in live animals, or cannot be measured without expensive and time-consuming progeny testing programs to evaluate candidates available for selection.
Moreover, these expensive testing programs must be carried out on a continual basis since the desirable phenotype must be expressed in the candidates' progeny before selection may occur.
For example, selection for increased mature weight in cattle can result in an increase in average birth weight, which may cause difficulty in calving.
Nevertheless, there are QTLs that influence only one characteristic in an animal, and selection based on these QTLs will not result in a correlated response in breeding stock.

Method used

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  • Quantitative Trait Loci and Somatostatin
  • Quantitative Trait Loci and Somatostatin
  • Quantitative Trait Loci and Somatostatin

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

[0201]A more precise chromosomal location for the SST locus was mapped using a genomic SST clone that was isolated by screening a bovine Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library. The BAC library was screened and a genomic SST clone was isolated by using a 297 bp fragment that included exon 2 of the SST gene. Two primers, 5′-ACTTCTTGGCAGAGCTGCTGTC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:4) and 5′-ACGAGGGTCTTATTGAGGATTGG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:5), were used to amplify the SST fragment by PCR, using an annealing temperature 57° C. for 1 min (see Cai et al., Genomics 29:413-425 1995). The primers were designed based on the published nuclear DNA sequence of the SST gene (Accession No. U97077). Clone 36H7 was isolated from the BAC library, and DNA sequencing with an ABI 377 automated sequencer confirmed that the clone contained the 297 bp SST DNA fragment.

[0202]FISH analysis with the 36H7 clone demonstrated a strong, consistent signal on bovine chromosome 1 at region 1q32, thus localizing the SST gene to this region. ...

example 2

[0204]After the chromosomal location of the SST locus was mapped, a set of primers were designed to amplify and clone the genomic locus of the SST gene, including the bovine sequence for preprosomatostatin. The primers were designed to amplify different regions of the 2927 bp segment encompassing the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR), two exons, and the intron sequence of the SST locus (SEQ ID NO:1). The primer sets used to amplify different portions of the 2927 bp segment were:[0205]Primer set 1: 5′-GCCTGGCTGGAGACAGGGTTAGTCATG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:8), nucleotides −1457 to −1431 of SEQ ID NO:1; and[0206]5′-CAGAAACCATCTACTAAACCCCA-3′ (SEQ ID NO:9), the reverse complement of nucleotides −910 to −888 of SEQ ID NO:1.[0207]Primer set 2: 5′-TAGGAGAGGCAAGGTTC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:10), nucleotides −96 to −80 of SEQ ID NO:1; and[0208]5′-CCAATAGATTAGCTCAATGTCCA-3′ (SEQ ID NO:11), the reverse complement of nucleotides 647 to 669 of SEQ ID NO:1.[0209]Primer set 3: 5′-GATCCCCGGCTCCGTCAGTTTCT-3′ (SEQ ID NO:12), n...

example 3

[0227]A series of statistical analyses were performed on the polymorphisms identified in the progeny of the Angleton Family Pedigree to determine the SST locations that are associated with desired traits in bovine. The data structure for each of the single loci in the complete data set are shown below:

GenotypeSSTmsC126TC157TT244CC575TG981A111362715509923161233329558325313522214548619070556Total614614614614614614

[0228]The Genotype designation of 11, 12, and 22 reflects the particular alleles of the SST locus present at the microsatellite or SNP location in an animal. For each of the above Genotype designations, the SNPs were designated as follows: genotype 11 is CC and genotype 22 is TT for C126T; genotype 11 is CC and genotype 22 is TT for C157T; genotype 11 is CC and genotype 22 is TT for T244C; genotype 11 is CC and genotype 22 is TT for C575T; and genotype 11 is AA and genotype 22 is GG for G981A. Animals with genotypes 11 and 22 are homozygous, and animals with genotype 12 are h...

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Abstract

The disclosure relates to the use of genetic traits in livestock for determining breeding characteristics of livestock progeny, and for optimizing the management and marketing of livestock for improving feedlot performance and meat quality. The disclosure specifically relates to genetic markers and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine somatostatin locus, as well as haplotypes that include the somatostatin locus, which are associated with certain quantitative trait loci (QTLs), such as marbling, meat quality grade, and yield grade. In a preferred embodiment, the SNPs and haplotypes are predictive of the increased or decreased amount of tissue marbling in the animal.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60 / 361,589, filed Mar. 4, 2002, which is herein incorporated by reference.STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT[0002]Part of the work performed during the development of this invention was supported by U.S. Government funds from USDA grants NRICGP 98-04507 and NRICGP95-04507. The U.S. Government may have certain rights in this invention.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]1. Field of the Invention[0004]The disclosure relates to the use of genetic traits in livestock for optimizing the management and marketing of livestock and improving feedlot performance and meat quality. The disclosure specifically relates to genetic markers and polymorphisms in the bovine somatostatin (SST) locus, as well as haplotypes that include the SST locus, which are associated with certain desirable traits such as marbling.[0005]2. Description of Rel...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C12Q1/68A01K67/02C07K14/61C07K14/655
CPCC07K14/61C12Q2600/156C12Q1/6876C07K14/655
Inventor CAI, LITAYLOR, JEREMYSMYTH, KERRIE-ANNFINDEISEN, BRIANLEHN, CATHIDAVIS, SARADAVIS, SCOTT
Owner CAI LI