N-alkyl lactam ethers, and compositions and uses thereof

a technology of alkyl lactam and ether, applied in the field of ethers, can solve the problems of harmful toxicological profiles, limited or excluded use of known fluids in these application areas, undesirable characteristics of known fluids in these applications,

Inactive Publication Date: 2012-06-14
THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Known fluids in these application areas often exhibit undesirable characteristics.
For example, chlorinated hydrocarbons display excellent greas

Method used

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  • N-alkyl lactam ethers, and compositions and uses thereof
  • N-alkyl lactam ethers, and compositions and uses thereof
  • N-alkyl lactam ethers, and compositions and uses thereof

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

Physical Properties of Bis-N-Ethyl Pyrrolidone Ether

[0122]Eleven physical properties were measured of bis-N-ethyl pyrrolidone ether (neat) (Table 1). These properties reveal the substantial, low freezing point of the ether, an extremely high boiling point, high thermal stability, and a static surface tension that is less than water.

TABLE 1Measured physical properties of bis-N-ethyl pyrrolidonepropertyvaluephysical stateliquid (ambient conditions)boiling pointnot determined up to 175° C.>350° C. at 1 atm, from distillationfreezing pointthermal decomposition temperature275° C.pH in a 50% aqueous solution9.5color (APHA)>500refractive index1.5063specific gravity1.148viscosity156 cP-176 cP*96.4 cP†surface tension (static)51.1 dynes / cm2 (ring)50.2 dynes / cm2 (plate)*Brookfield RV viscometer, #2 spindle, 10 rpm†Cannon Fenske viscometer, #300 tube

example 2

Aqueous Behavior of Bis-N-Ethyl Pyrrolidone Ether

[0123]Blends of bis-N-ethyl pyrrolidone ether were made with water in an equal mass ratio. The blends were pH adjusted from 1 to 13 and then chilled to −15° C. At no point did any blend exhibit two-phase behavior, as only a single phase was ever produced.

example 3

Solvent Miscibility Studies of Bis-N-Ethyl Pyrrolidone Ether Blends

[0124]Blends of bis-N-ethyl pyrrolidone ether were made with nine solvents in equal volume ratio (Table 2). The blends were visually observed to determine miscibility of the ether with the various solvents. It was discovered that bis-N-ethyl pyrrolidone ether is miscible with water, methanol, 2-propanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, and toluene. However, in this ratio the ether is immiscible with hexane and cyclohexane.

TABLE 2Measured physical properties of bis-N-ethyl pyrrolidonesolventobservationwatermisciblemethanolmiscible2-propanolmiscibleacetonemisciblemethyl ethyl ketonemiscibleethyl acetatemiscibletoluenemisciblehexaneinsolublecyclohexaneinsoluble

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Abstract

Described is a class of symmetrical and asymmetrical N-alkyl lactam ethers. One preferred ether is bis-N-ethyl pyrrolidone ether. Preferred compositions and uses of the ethers are in performance chemicals, personal care, and pharmaceutical fields, where they function a variety of roles, including as a solvent, solubilizer, freezing point depressor, diluent, extracting agent, cleaning agent, degreaser, absorbent and/or dispersion agent.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0001]1. Field of the Invention[0002]The present invention details a class of ethers comprising at least two lactam rings, which may be the same or different. The ethers may be symmetrical or asymmetrical depending on the reactants, reaction, and / or reaction conditions. One preferred ether is bis-N-ethyl pyrrolidone ether. This and other ethers find useful service in the personal care, performance chemicals, and pharmaceutical arts, where they may serve as solvents, solubility aides, freezing point depressors, dispersing agents, reaction fluids, and cleaning agents.[0003]2. Description of Related Art[0004]There exists a great commercial need for fluids with advanced, multi-functional properties for application in performance chemicals, personal care, and pharmaceutical compositions and uses. Such fluids find utility as solvents, solubilizers, cleaning agents, extraction fluids, absorbing agent, heat transfer fluids, and dispersing fluids, among many other ...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): A61K8/49C07D401/12A61Q17/04C11D3/28C10M133/44C09K15/30C09K3/00C08K5/3415C09D11/02C07D403/12A61K47/22C09D7/63C09K23/00
CPCC07D403/12C11D3/43C07D223/10C07D401/12C07D207/27C07D211/76C11D7/263C11D7/3281C09D7/001C09D7/1233C09D9/005A61Q17/005A61K9/0014A61K47/18A61K9/7084A01N25/02B01F17/0042A61K8/4913A61K47/22A61Q19/00C08K5/3415C09D11/36C09K3/18A01N37/18A01N37/50A01N43/40A01N43/54A01N43/653A01N43/90A01N47/46A01N53/00A01N65/00C09D7/20C09D7/63Y02E60/10C09K23/00C09K23/34C09K23/22C09K23/42A01N43/78A61K8/58A61K31/405A61K31/4174A61K31/65A61K31/7048A61Q5/02B01D53/1468B01D53/1487B01D53/1493C08F2/06C08L71/02C08L2201/56C09D11/033C09D17/002C09K3/00C09K8/524C09K15/30C09K2208/22C10M133/44C10M2215/224C11D3/32G01N21/88H01M10/056
Inventor MUSA, OSAMA M.NARAYANAN, KOLAZI S.
Owner THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA
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