The invention relates to cryopreservation and recovery culture methods for dioscorea alata protocrom-like bodies, and belongs to the field of plant cell engineering. The method comprises the cryopreservation steps: carrying out aseptic seedling induction and subculture, carrying out protocrom-like body induction, carrying out gradient domestication culture, stripping the protocorm-like bodies, fixing the protocorm-like bodies to loading bars, then placing the loading bars in a pretreatment solution, treating, transferring the treated loading bars into a vitrification protective agent, carrying out ice bath treatment, then quickly putting into liquid nitrogen, and preserving. The method comprises the recovery culture steps: taking out the loading bars with the protocrom-like bodies from the liquid nitrogen, putting the loading bars into a 1 / 2MS liquid culture medium, thawing and washing, adsorbing to dry with filter paper, then placing in a 1 / 2MS culture medium without hormones, carrying out dark culture, stripping the protocrom-like bodies from the loading bars one by one under an anatomical lens, transferring the protocrom-like bodies to a culture medium containing BA and GA3, carrying out dark culture, regenerating, then transferring into a culture medium containing BA and NAA, and carrying out illumination culture. The method has the advantages that a large number of materials which can be preserved and regenerated easily can be obtained by using the protocrom-like bodies as the material for cryopreservation of dioscorea alata resources.