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A method for preparing a 2D evaporation membrane constructed from a self-assembled two-dimensional superlattice of molybdate-heteropolyblue subnanowires and its application are disclosed. The method involves dissolving phosphomolybdic acid and transition metal chlorides in a mixed solvent system of oleic acid, oleylamine, and ethanol, stirring at room temperature; then pouring the solution into a stainless steel high-pressure reactor lined with PTFE, reacting, cooling to room temperature, and collecting the solid product by centrifugation; washing, and vacuum drying overnight to obtain molybdate-heteropolyblue powder; dispersing the molybdate-heteropolyblue powder in a cyclohexane-ethanol mixed solution, heating the resulting dispersion, filtering it through a hydrophilic filter membrane to form a membrane, and air-drying it overnight to obtain the 2D evaporation membrane constructed from the molybdate-heteropolyblue two-dimensional superlattice. The advantages are: the nanowire structure of this evaporation membrane provides long-range ordered nanoscale water transport channels, and its internal hydrophilic and external hydrophobic properties enhance water management capabilities, thereby promoting efficient water transport and evaporation, enabling efficient and stable solar thermal seawater evaporation.