The invention provides a preparing method for a synthetic fat dispersed vanadium boride boron carbide-carbon fiber friction material. The preparing method is characterized in that a graphited carbon fiber blanket with the density being 0.1-1.8 g / cm<3> is subjected to boron carbide deposition treatment after being subjected to carburizing treatment, then synthetic fat dispersed vanadium boride filling treatment is carried out, then burying siliconizing treatment is carried out, and then nitridation treatment is carried out in nitrogen atmosphere, so that the synthetic fat dispersed vanadium boride boron carbide-carbon fiber friction material is prepared. According to the method, the graphited carbon fiber blanket is adopted for being subjected to carburization, silicon carbide deposition, vanadium boride filling, burying siliconizing, nitridation and the like to prepare the friction material, and the prepared friction material is high in strength, toughness and friction performance, and capable of adapting to various weather conditions.