The invention provides a preparing method for a synthetic fat dispersed hafnium boride silicon carbide-carbon fiber friction material. The preparing method is characterized in that a graphited carbon fiber blanket with the density being 0.1-1.8 g / cm<3> is subjected to synthetic fat dispersed hafnium boride filling treatment after being subjected to carburizing treatment, then silicon carbide deposition treatment is carried out, then burying siliconizing treatment is carried out, and then nitridation treatment is carried out in nitrogen atmosphere, so that the synthetic fat dispersed hafnium boride silicon carbide-carbon fiber friction material is prepared. According to the method, the graphited carbon fiber blanket is adopted for being subjected to carburization, hafnium boride filling, silicon carbide deposition, burying siliconizing, nitridation and the like to prepare the friction material, and the prepared friction material is high in strength, toughness and friction performance, and capable of adapting to various weather conditions.