Phosphazene flame retardant and preparation method thereof, as well as lithium ion battery electrolyte

A phosphazene-based flame retardant and lithium-ion battery technology, applied in the field of lithium-ion batteries, can solve problems such as poor system compatibility, affecting the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries, and low conductivity of the electrolyte

Active Publication Date: 2012-06-27
湖南有色郴州氟化学有限公司 +1
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  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

The Chinese patent literature with the application number 200710028419.8 reports the application of alkyl phosphates in the electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries. Due to the poor electrochemical compatibility of alkyl phosphates, when they are used as additives, they have a greater impact on the performance of the battery. big negative impact
Chinese patent document CN101694885A discloses an electrolyte containing an ethylene bisphthalimide derivative flame retardant. The electrolyte has good flame retardancy, but the cycle performance of the battery is not good
Chinese patent document CN101938008A reports the...

Method used

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  • Phosphazene flame retardant and preparation method thereof, as well as lithium ion battery electrolyte
  • Phosphazene flame retardant and preparation method thereof, as well as lithium ion battery electrolyte
  • Phosphazene flame retardant and preparation method thereof, as well as lithium ion battery electrolyte

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preparation example Construction

[0036] Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a preparation method of a phosphazene flame retardant, comprising the following steps:

[0037] The fluorocarbon alcohol is reacted with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene to obtain a phosphazene flame retardant, and the fluorocarbon alcohol is preferably a compound represented by formula II, formula III or formula IV. Wherein the fluorocarbon alcohol shown in formula II and formula III is obtained by tetrafluoroethylene telomerization (being commonly called as telomer alcohol), has been commercialized, as tetrafluoropropanol (TFP), octafluoropentanol (OFP) or DuPont's Zonyl Telomer BA series products; the compound represented by formula IV can be commercially available or can be prepared according to the method provided by the present invention.

[0038] H(CF 2 CF 2 ) n1 CH 2 Oh

[0039] Formula II

[0040] F(CF 2 CF 2 ) n2 CH 2 CH 2 Oh

[0041] Formula III

[0042] CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 O(CF(CF 3 ) CF 2 O) n3...

Embodiment 1

[0056] The structure of embodiment 1 fluorocarbon alcohol is H(CF 2 CF 2 ) n1 CH 2 OH, where 1≤n 1 ≤15.

[0057] Take 9.3g (0.165mol) KOH and 18.5ml deionized water into a three-necked flask, start stirring and heating, add dropwise a mixed solution of 0.165mol tetrafluoropropanol and 38.3ml xylene, the reaction solution changes from clear to milky white turbid, heat After 1 hour of reflux reaction, water was separated, and about 19ml of water was separated, and the reaction solution turned yellowish brown. A mixed solution of 8.7g (0.025mol) trimeric phosphazene and 60ml xylene was added dropwise, and the reaction was carried out under reflux for 50h. Pour the reaction solution obtained above into a beaker, wash with water until neutral, add 20g of anhydrous Na 2 SO 4Drying, suction filtration, and concentration under reduced pressure gave 21.88 g of a reddish-brown liquid crude product, which was then purified by high vacuum distillation (0.5 mmHg) to obtain 16.37 g of...

Embodiment 2

[0058] The structure of embodiment 2 fluorocarbon alcohol is F(CF 2 CF 2 ) n2 CH 2 CH 2 OH, where n 2 =1≤n 2 ≤15.

[0059] Take 9.3g (0.165mol) KOH and 18.5ml deionized water into a three-necked flask, start stirring, heat, drop 0.165mol F(CF 2 CF 2 ) n2 CH 2 CH 2 OH(n 2 =3) and 60ml xylene mixed solution, the reaction solution turns from clear to milky white turbidity, heated to reflux reaction for 1h and then separated water, about 19ml of water separated reaction solution turned yellowish brown, and 8.7g (0.025mol) trimeric solution was added dropwise The mixed solution of phosphazene and 60ml xylene was refluxed for 55h under reflux. Pour the reaction solution obtained above into a beaker, wash with water until neutral, add 20g of anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 Drying, suction filtration, concentration under reduced pressure to obtain 48.8g of reddish-brown liquid crude product; then carry out high vacuum distillation purification (0.2mmHg) to obtain colorless transpare...

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Abstract

The invention discloses a phosphazene flame retardant and a preparation method thereof. The phosphazene flame retardant is obtained through the reaction of fluorocarbon alcohol and phosphonitrilic chloride trimer, wherein, as the phosphazene flame retardant contains the elements of P and N, the flame-retardant effect is more obvious; as at least one of Rf1, Rf2, Rf3, Rf4, Rf5 and Rf6 is a fluorocarbon group which provides convenience for enhancing the flashing points of the electrolyte and reducing the viscosity of the electrolyte, the viscosity of the phosphazene flame retardant is proper, and the phosphazene flame retardant has favorable systematic consistence; moreover, the O bond and the P bond on the side chain of the phosphazene flame retardant are connected to a P group of a loop chain at the same time, so as to form a V-shaped hole, which provides convenience for absorbing metal positive ions to get far away from corresponding negative ions as well as for the migration of the positive ions, and further improves the electric conductivity of the electrolyte. The invention further provides a lithium ion battery electrolyte comprising electrolyte salt, a solvent and the phosphazene flame retardant. Experimental results show that the lithium ion battery electrolyte provided by the invention has favorable conductibility.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, more specifically, to a phosphazene flame retardant for lithium ion electrolyte, a preparation method thereof, and a lithium ion battery electrolyte using the flame retardant. Background technique [0002] Lithium-ion batteries have the characteristics of high energy density, low self-discharge rate, wide operating temperature range, long cycle life, environmental protection, no memory effect, and high current charge and discharge, etc., and are widely used in mobile phones, notebook computers, video cameras, digital cameras Among high-energy portable electronic devices, it also has broad application prospects in the fields of new energy vehicles, aerospace, and national defense equipment. However, safety is a key issue restricting the development of large-capacity and high-power lithium-ion batteries. For example, lithium-ion battery electrolytes are widely used in organic carbonat...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C07F9/6593H01M10/056
CPCY02E60/12Y02E60/10
Inventor 周济苍张新喻京鼎
Owner 湖南有色郴州氟化学有限公司
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