Multi-segment plasma cracking carbonaceous material reactor system with hollow cathodes

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-segment plasma cracking carbonaceous material reactor system with hollow cathodes. Each segment of the system comprises a hollow cathode, a hollow anode, a working gas inlet, a carbonaceous material and carrier gas feeding inlet and reaction tubes, and further comprises at least one chilling medium inlet and at least one outlet of chilling products and gases, wherein the hollow cathode and the hollow anode are circularly cooled by cooling media, the reaction tubes are connected with the cathode and the anode, the chilling medium inlet is located on the lower portion of the last reaction tube, and the outlet of the chilling products and the gases is located at the bottom of the last reaction tube or the lower portion of the last reaction tube. A cavity generating plasmas and / or voltaic arcs is formed between hollow cathodes of the first segment and hollow cathodes and anodes of any segment being used as a reaction tube. On the highest-temperature regions of the cavity or around highest-temperature regions of the cavity, plasma air current makes full contact with the carbonaceous material and carrier gas feedings and / or pyrolysis volatiles and is fully mixed with the carbonaceous material and the carrier gas feedings and / or the pyrolysis volatiles, and pyrolysis and / or gas-phase reactions are conducted. The multi-segment plasma cracking carbonaceous material reactor system with the hollow cathodes is perfect in thermal efficiency and high in cracking product productivity.

Description

technical field [0001] The present invention relates to an energy-efficient device and method for cracking volatile-containing carbonaceous materials to produce high-yield cracked products, in particular, to a multi-stage plasma cracking carbonaceous material reactor system with a hollow cathode and utilizing The method for cracking carbonaceous materials by the multi-stage plasma reactor system, more particularly, also relates to a method for producing acetylene by using the multi-stage plasma reactor system. Background technique [0002] Typically, the carbonaceous material is heated together with other components, such as hydrogen, by an arc device or other suitable heat source known to those of ordinary skill in the art to crack or pyrolyze the carbonaceous material. The composition of the products produced as a result of the decomposition of the carbonaceous material depends on the reaction conditions in the decomposition zone or reaction zone. It is well known that ce...

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Problems solved by technology

For example, when it is necessary to increase or optimize the reaction temperature and / or time of the carbonaceous material powder according to the reaction temperature required by the cracking product, such as the maximum yield of acetylene, the structure of the existing single-stage reactor not only cannot make the reaction temperature and / or Or the time is adjusted arbitrarily, and the height of the reactor cannot be arbitrarily lengthened; the temperature of the hot gas flow drops rapidly along the longitudinal direction of the existing single-stage reactor, resulting in that the reaction gas flow must be moved in a short distance in order to maximize the yield of the cracked product are chilled internally and thus have very limited conversion of carbonaceous materials to cracking products

At the same time, as mentioned before, the serious waste of energy and the excessively high temperature distribution near the inner wall of the reactor are also serious technical problems that cannot be ignored.

[0019] In the plasma reactor disclosed in all the above-mentioned existing documents and the cracking method thereof, the area where the carbonaceous material and the plasma flow are contacted and mixed is far away from the highest temperature zone formed by the electric arc, which will cause the heat transfer efficiency to be greatly reduced. At the same time, the operating temperature of carbonaceous material pyrolysis, namely devolatilization, and the subsequent gas phase reaction temperature of volatile matter are greatly reduced, thereby reducing the yield of cracked products, and greatly reducing the thermal efficiency of the reactor. Overheating and energy waste in and around walls

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