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Non-aqueous electrolyte for high-voltage lithium ion batteries

A lithium-ion battery, non-aqueous electrolyte technology, applied in non-aqueous electrolytes, electrolytes, secondary batteries, etc., can solve the problems of cycle performance degradation, battery leakage, battery pressure and temperature rise, etc., to improve the flame retardant effect , prevent battery abuse, improve the effect of flash point

Active Publication Date: 2014-02-12
ZHUHAI SMOOTHWAY ELECTRONICS MATERIALS
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Another method is to increase the charge cut-off voltage of the traditional positive electrode material. With the increase of the working voltage and the charge cut-off voltage, the oxidation activity of the positive electrode material is improved, and the reaction between the positive electrode active material and the electrolyte is also accelerated, resulting in the battery charging at high voltage. Severe lower gas expansion, reduced cycle performance, seriously restricting the performance of positive electrode materials
[0004] With the increase of working voltage and charging cut-off voltage, when the high-voltage battery is charged at low temperature, or when the battery is overcharged, too many lithium ions are extracted from the positive electrode material and embedded in the surface of the negative electrode material, and lithium is easily formed. Lithium dendrites will further pierce the separator and cause a short circuit of the battery. The electrolyte components will be irreversibly oxidized and decomposed, and a large amount of heat will be released, causing the internal pressure and temperature of the battery to rise sharply, causing battery leakage, fire, combustion and even Explosion makes the safety performance of the battery worse, and the safety performance of high-voltage lithium batteries needs to be further solved

Method used

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Embodiment 1

[0026] The electrolyte is prepared in the BRAUN glove box, which is filled with nitrogen with a purity of 99.999%, the moisture in the glove box is controlled at ≤5ppm, and the temperature is at room temperature. Mix 30 grams of EC, 50 grams of EMC, and 20 grams of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether evenly, seal it, and put it in the refrigerator until it cools down to 8°C After that, transfer to the glove box, then add LiPF6 in two batches and fully mix to form the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium-ion battery whose molar concentration of lithium salt is 1mol / L, and add 5% of the total mass of the solvent to the above non-aqueous electrolyte. Tris(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl) phosphate (self-made), uniformly mixed and added with 3% of the total mass of solvent PS, evenly mixed to obtain a high-voltage lithium-ion non-aqueous electrolyte.

[0027] The preparation method of tris (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl) phosphate:

[0028] Mix and stir 500 mi...

Embodiment 2

[0030]The electrolyte is prepared in the BRAUN glove box, which is filled with nitrogen with a purity of 99.999%, the moisture in the glove box is controlled at ≤5ppm, and the temperature is at room temperature. Mix 30 grams of EC, 50 grams of EMC and 20 grams of difluoromethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, mix well, seal it and put it in the refrigerator until it cools down to 8°C, then transfer it to the glove box , and then add LiPF6 in two batches and mix thoroughly to form a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium-ion battery with a molar concentration of lithium salt of 1.2mol / L. Add tris(2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite (CAS: 358-63-4, purchased from Alfa Aisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), uniformly mixed, adding 3% of the total mass of solvent PS and uniformly mixed to obtain a high-voltage lithium ion water electrolyte.

Embodiment 3

[0032] The electrolyte is prepared in the BRAUN glove box, which is filled with nitrogen with a purity of 99.999%, the moisture in the glove box is controlled at ≤5ppm, and the temperature is at room temperature. Mix 30 grams of EC, 30 grams of EMC and 40 grams of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, mix well, seal it and put it in the refrigerator until it cools After reaching 8°C, transfer it to a glove box, then add LiPF6 in two batches and mix thoroughly to form a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a high-voltage battery with a lithium salt molar concentration of 1.2mol / L. Add a total of solvents to the above non-aqueous electrolyte Tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite (CAS: 358-63-4, purchased from Alfa Aisha Chemical Co., Ltd.) with 15% mass, mixed evenly, and 3% total mass of solvent was added The PS is evenly mixed to obtain a high-voltage lithium-ion non-aqueous electrolyte.

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Abstract

The invention discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte for high-voltage lithium ion batteries, which is composed of a solvent, lithium salts, a fluorinated flame retardant and a film-forming additive, wherein cyclic carbonates and / or chain carbonates account for 30-95 wt% of the solvent, the fluorinated solvent accounts for 5-70 wt% of the solvent, the mol concentration of the lithium salts in a mixed solution formed by the fluorinated solvent and the cyclic carbonates and / or chain carbonates is 0.8-1.5 mol / L; the fluorinated flame retardant accounts for 1-30 wt% of the solvent; and the film-forming additive accounts for 1-8 wt% of the solvent. The high-flash-point no-flash-point fluorinated solvent can obviously enhance the flash point of the electrolyte solvent; and the fluorinated solvent and the fluorinated flame retardant can synergically improve the flame-retardant effect of the lithium battery under high voltage, thereby thoroughly preventing misuse of batteries, and avoiding fire, combustion, explosion and other potential safety hazards caused by overcharging.

Description

[technical field] [0001] The invention relates to an electrolyte solution of a lithium ion battery, in particular to a nonaqueous electrolyte solution of a high voltage lithium ion battery. [Background technique] [0002] Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various electronic devices such as notebook computers, mobile phones, and MP4s because of their advantages such as high working voltage, high energy density, environmental friendliness, stable cycle, and safety. However, with the improvement of battery capacity in electronic equipment, people have put forward higher requirements for the working voltage and energy density of lithium-ion batteries. [0003] In order to improve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, researchers have carried out a lot of research work. Mainly focus on the research and development of new cathode materials with higher charging and discharging platforms, such as spinel oxide LiNi0.5Mn1.504, lithium-rich material Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.602, ol...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M10/0567
CPCH01M10/0525H01M10/0567H01M10/0569H01M2300/0034H01M2300/0042Y02E60/10
Inventor 王霹霹陈性保戴晓兵
Owner ZHUHAI SMOOTHWAY ELECTRONICS MATERIALS
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